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Category: Anatomy
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Transcript
Functions of Bones
Slide 5.2
Copyright © 2003 Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
Compact vs. Spongy
Compact = dense, solid, looks smooth
Spongy = open spaces, needle-like pieces
Classification of Bones
Long – longer than wide, shaft w/heads at both ends.
Short – generally cube-shaped & mostly spongy bone(carpals of wrist/tarsals of ankle)
Flat – thin, flat and usually curved (skull, ribs sternum)
Irregular – doesn’t fit in other categories. (Vertebrae)
#4 Long bone Structure
Diaphysis = Shaft, compact bone
Epiphysis = head of long bone, spongy bone
Epiphyseal Plate = “Growth Plate” of children, site of actively dividing cartilage for bone growth.
Epiphyseal Line = In adults, bone/Cartilage no longer growing; plate becomes ossified (bone) and a line is seen as a remnant.
Periosteum = outside layer/covering of bone
Endosteum = inside lining of bone, lining of medullary cavity (site of yellow marrow)
#5
Spongy bone – In epiphysis (heads) of long bones (also, “diploe” of flat bones)
Compact bone – Diaphysis (shaft)
Articular Cartilage – at joints to decrease friction, Ends of epiphysis of long bones.
#6
Yellow Marrow = Fat, stored inside medullary cavity of long bones (adult)
Red Marrow = Site of Red blood Cell product.
Spongy Epiphysis(head of long bones) in adults
In children, entire shaft of long bones
#7 diagram
#8 Bone markings
Condyle = Rounded articular projection
Occipital condyle, Medial condyle near knee
Sinus = Cavity inside a bone, air/lined w/mucous membrane. Frontal & maxilla of skull.
Foramen = hole/opening in a bone
Foramen magnum, verterbral foramen
Spine = pointed projection of bone
Spinous process of vertebrae
#9,10
#11, 12
Osteoblast – Build bone
Osteoclast – destroy bone
Epiphyseal plate = Growth plate of children, Site has actively dividing cartilage only when child. Site ossifies(become bone) as an adult
#13 bone growth/remodeling
Bones grow due to:
Hormones, Stress (mechanical or gravity), Calcium levels in blood… if blood Ca+2 High then Calcium deposited, if blood Ca+2 is low bone degraded
#14
Greenstick – Break is incomplete, like a green twig.
Compound – bone breaks and exits through skin.
#15, 16 Hematoma = Bruise
#17,18 Axial skeleton = skull, vertebrae, bony thorax
19, 20, 21
Remember: Eating times; 7am, 12 pm, 5pm
Scoliosis – Curvature is
Lateral (to the side)
Atlas (C1) – articulates with occipital condyles at base of skull…Nod-yes/no
Axis (C2) – allows head to “pivot”
24,25,26
Spine is slight “S” shape
Tailbone = Coccyx (last part/beneath sacrum)
= hole for spinal cord
The Bony Thorax = Sternum, Ribs, Thoracic vertebrae
Slide 5.31b
Copyright © 2003 Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
True ribs –Directly connected to sternum by Costal Cartilage
False – indirectly connected: Costal cartilage attached to costal cartilage
Floating ribs = 2, not attached
Figure 5.19a
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