...down its concentration gradient. No work must...
...down the concentration gradient; diffusion is a...
...its own concentration gradient, independent of the...
...happen. The concentration gradient itself represents potential...
...down their concentration gradient with the help...
...against their concentration gradient, from the side...
...against a concentration gradient are all carrier...
...called the electrochemical gradient, drive the diffusion...
...an ion’s concentration gradient. The other is...
...down its concentration gradient but diffuses down...
...down its electrochemical gradient. For example, there...
...down the electrochemical gradient. The diffusion of...
...by the concentration gradient and by the...
...generate the voltage gradient across a membrane....
...restores the electrochemical gradient not only by...
...up a concentration gradient, but also because...
...concentration (or electrochemical) gradient. Plants commonly use...
...commonly use the gradient of H+ generated...

...in the concentration gradient (Principles of Thermodynamics)....
...there is no gradient and therefore energy...
...because there are gradient and therefore energy...
...there is a gradient and therefore energy...
...) – concentration gradient Diffusion within cells...
...along a concentration gradient. Remember Na moves...
...out against a gradient using ATP. It...
...has a concentration gradient and thus moves...

...by the negative gradient does not point...
...(a) Fixed step gradient: The move from...
...f . The gradient atx gives the...
...f. (c) Conjugate gradient: The new search...
...combination of the gradient at the current...
...of the previous gradient. The step-size is...
...21 (b) Conjugate gradient Advantages: (1) Uses...
...is the negative gradient direction) ?1 Pick...
...????0 2 The gradient of f(x) is...

...down its concentration gradient. No work must...
...down the concentration gradient; diffusion is a...
...its own concentration gradient, independent of the...
...happen. The concentration gradient itself represents potential...
...down their concentration gradient via transport proteins...
...against their concentration gradient, from the side...
...called the electrochemical gradient, drive the diffusion...
...an ion’s concentration gradient. The other is...
...down its concentration gradient but diffuses down...
...down its electrochemical gradient. For example, there...
...down the electrochemical gradient. The diffusion of...
...by the concentration gradient and by the...
...generate the voltage gradient across a membrane....
...restores the electrochemical gradient not only by...
...up a concentration gradient, but also because...
...against its concentration gradient. Plants commonly use...
...commonly use the gradient of hydrogen ions...