Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning, 2nd Edition

- 3 - 3 Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Click to edit Master title style Copyright 2015, 2011 by Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume One, Second Edition Copyright 2015, 2011 by Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning VOLUME ONE SECOND EDITION Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume One, Second Edition Copyright 2015, 2011 by Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume One, Second Edition Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Click to edit Master title style Copyright 2015, 2011 by Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume One, Second Edition Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Click to edit Master title style Copyright 2015, 2011 by Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning Volume One, Second Edition Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Inflammation 10 Nursing A Concept-Based Approach to Learning MODULE VOLUME ONE SECOND EDITION The Concept of Inflammation Concept Learning Outcomes After reading about this concept, you will be able to Summarize the physiology of the inflammatory process. Examine the relationship between inflammation and other concepts/systems. Concept Learning Outcomes, continued After reading about this concept, you will be able to Identify commonly occurring alterations in inflammation and their related therapies. Differentiate common assessment procedures used to examine the inflammatory process across the life span. Concept Learning Outcomes, continued After reading about this concept, you will be able to Describe diagnostic and laboratory tests to determine the individual s inflammatory process status. Explain management of the inflammatory process and prevention of inflammation. Concept Learning Outcomes, continued After reading about this concept, you will be able to Demonstrate the nursing process in providing culturally competent and caring interventions across the life span for individuals with common alterations in the inflammatory process. Concept Learning Outcomes, continued After reading about this concept, you will be able to Compare and contrast common independent and collaborative interventions for clients with alterations in the inflammatory process. Normal Presentation Inflammation Adaptive response to injury, illness that brings plasma, dissolved substances, blood cells into interstitial tissues where damage occurred Nonspecific Debridement Damaged cells, bacteria, exudate removed through phagocytosis Physiology Review Five signs Pain Swelling Redness Heat Impaired function -itis describes inflammatory process Physiology Review, continued Injurious agents Physical Chemical Microorganisms Inflammatory process Complex response of vascular tissues triggered by harmful stimuli Acute or chronic Physiology Review, continued j Physiology Review, continued Stages of inflammation Stage 2 exudate production Serous Purulent Hemorrhagic Stage 3 reparative phase Regeneration Fibrous tissue formation Granulation tissue Cicatrix Physiology Review, continued Genetic and Lifespan Considerations Genetic and Lifespan Considerations, continued , Alterations Inflammation can occur in any tissue Common disorders Allergic rhinitis Appendicitis Crohn disease, IBD Arthritis Nephritis Gallbladder disease Peptic ulcers Alterations, continued Autoimmune disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus Guillane-Barr syndrome Alterations and Manifestations Classic signs Redness Swelling Healthy inflammatory response includes activation and recruitment of WBCs to the affected site Localized Generalized Prevalence Genetic Considerations and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors Native or Mexican Americans Increased risk for gallstones. Female gender African Americans More likely than Caucasians to develop nephritis as a result of lupus Family history Associated with peptic ulcer disease Concepts Related to Inflammation Infection Immunity Oxygenation Teaching and Learning Prevention Avoid known triggers Avoid foods or beverages that are triggers Hand washing Modifiable Risk Factors Crohn disease Diet low in refined sugars Increased fiber intake Smoking cessation Gallstone formation Maintain an appropriate weight Diet high in fiber and low in fat Avoid rapid weight loss Modifiable Risk Factors, continued Nephritis Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Overuse of NSAIDs Drug abuse Screening For acute disorders with inflammation, screen is not possible Skin testing identifies allergen TSH test for Hashimoto thyroiditis Assessment Nursing Assessment History Risk Client report that suggests inflammation Physical assessment Signs, symptoms vary according to area Widespread inflammation Diverse symptoms Assessment interview Lifespan and Cultural Considerations Diagnostic Tests Interventions and Therapies Aimed at reducing mobility, edema Elevation Antipyretics, anti-inflammatory medications Specific treatment Antibiotics Surgery Steroids Interventions and Therapies, continued Independent Preventing further injury Medications as prescribed Maintaining intake of liquids, nutrients Interventions and Therapies, continued Collaborative Surgery Pharmacologic therapy NSAIDs Corticosteroids Analgesics