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Groups’ Responses Guide - Exam2 GOVT FINAL REVIEW Media, Business, and Evolution Which 3 C’s define modern media? 1. Corporate – concerned with bottom line 2. Consolidated – ownership of more than one media entity on the rise 3. Conglomerated – ownership of not just media but other products on the rise What are psychological and social forces as related to media choice? · Psychological – personal beliefs, likes/dislikes · Social – thoughts, expectations What is old media? · Newspapers, television, magazines, radio What is new media? · Social media, podcasts, apple news, reddit, buzzfeed Who uses what? · Newspaper = 53 y/o · News = 55 y/o · Newspaper website = 41 · Smartphone = 34 Iyengar’s 3 functions 1. Contribute to informed citizenship 2. Serve as watchdog 3. Provide forum to politicians to get messages across Elements of newsworthiness (Graber): · Strong impact (something you identify with) · Exciting (often via violence/conflict) · Familiar (something you understand) · Proximity (something close to home) · Timely (freshness) · Novel (original) Bennett’s 5 potential media biases: 1. Political – allowing party views to affect which/how stories are being told 2. Personalization – downplay big picture and focus on individual people 3. Dramatization – crises, emotions get more play 4. Fragmentation – immediate gets play, stories fade quickly 5. News as a game – who are the winners and losers? Party Identification What is party ID and who developed the concept? · Party ID = attachment to a political party · Developed from = Where does it come from? · Socialization (parents, peers, school, media, history) · Group identification Why does it change? · Changes with time/people What does it predict? · Issue positions What do surveys say about it in recent years? · 30% republican · 24% democrat · 43% independent What do we know about independents because of survey research? · Number of independents is rising How does party identification differ from ideology? · Party identification = specific group · Ideology = set of beliefs/goals of society and how to achieve the goals Third Parties Why do they succeed? · Pre-existing name recognition · Coherent message/movement · Money to spend Why do they fail? (and who is to blame)? · Public attachment to other 2 parties · 3rd party = credible alternative · Ballot access laws drain time and money · What would the message be? · New party is a start up · Media doesn’t take them seriously · Co-optation of their ideas by existing parties Congressional Approval What is Fenno’s paradox? · Surveys show we hate Congress BUT 90% who run for re-election get re-elected Why do Americans dislike Congress so much? · Unable to represent diverse interests · Unable to solve large problems · Inefficient · Too removed from ordinary people · Too heavily influenced by interest groups · Too focused on Washington DC What do we know about media coverage of Congress? · Fewer, shorter, less prominent stories · President gets lots of coverage · Everyone has their own angles and motives · Not interesting · A lot happening at once According to Mayhew, what 3 activities do members of Congress undertake to get re-elected? 1. Advertising (who are they?) 2. Credit claiming (what they deliver) 3. Position taking (where they stand) What is a home style? · Unique relationship members of Congress build with their constituents What are the concentric circles (and how do they matter)? · Geographical (the district) · Re-election (the supporters) · Primary (strongest supporters) · Personal (the intimates) What information do members of Congress convey to constituents (either about Washington or themselves)? · Qualification · Identification · Empathy Interbranch Politics Why does the congressional agenda matter to the President? · It is an important part of power to be heard What 4 groups might presidents places members of Congress into? · Base · Cross-pressured partisans · Cross-pressured oppositions · Opposition base What 4 paths do presidents pursue to accomplish goals within Congress (and what determines success or failure)? 1. Treat successful elections as mandates 2. Leading the party 3. Using personal support as leverage 4. Building coalitions through elections Study material What are lyengar 3 functions of media What is the job of the media One- contribute to informed citizenship Two- serve as a watchdog To keep people honest and to expose wrongdoing Three- provide forum for politicians to get messages across Why is new a searchlight and not a mirror News completely and perfectly reflecting reality is unrealistic Producers editors publishers- “what is newsworthy?” (but also “what will attract audience?”) Fear- a consistently skewed searchlights (and skewed for many reasons) What are graber elements of newsworthiness Strong impact- something you identify with Exciting- often via violence/ conflict/ disaster/ scandal Familiar- something you understand Proximate- something close to home Timely- freshness Novel- original What are bennetts biases political - allowing partisan/ ideological views to affect which stories are being told how stories are being reported personalization - downplay the big picture system focus on human element individual actors Dramatization- crise emotions get more play Fragmentations- immediate gets play, stories fade quickly News as a game- who are the winners and loser ------ I. Which defines the 3 C’s of modern media - Corporate, Consolidate, Conglomerated II. What are psychological and social forces as realted to media choice - political ideology III. What is old media - News papers, tv, magazines, radio IV. What is new media - Podccast, social media, digital natives, legacy, aggesetators V. Who uses what - Old media (50+) New media 39> --- What it is: an attachment. To a political party Where it comes from: Socializers When it changes: events, leaders Party ID is the most stable of attitudes Who developed it: Campbell, Converse, Miller, Stokes --- What 4 paths do presidents pursue to accomplish goals within congress? Treat successful elections as mandates, leading the party, using personal support as leverage, Building coalitions through elections What are the origins of a presidential media strategy and how has it evolved? It started as newspapers and then expanded to radios and then changed to social media What are some common forms of presidential communication? Press releases, “daily” briefings, presidential news conferences/informal question and answer, backgrounders (informal), leaks/”off the record” interviews, social media, going public What is “going public” and why do presidents do it more than ever? Promoting themselves, and their policies and using the public as a weapon What changes in technology and politics facilitate going public? Tech- transportation, radio/TV/satellites Policy- electing outsiders, the era of bargaining and divided gov ---- Final Review (interbranch politics) Interbranch politics Why does the congressional agenda matter to the president so the president can control power over congress and get heard more, not everything is in the president’s hands What 4 groups might presidents place members of congress into Base (extremely reliable), cross-pressured partisans (mostly stick with party), cross pressured opposition (rarely vote for other side), opposition base What 4 paths do presidents pursue to accomplish goals within congress (and what determines success or failure) Using mandate, leading the party, using personal support as leverage, building coalitions through elections. Success and failure tends to be determined by how exposed the president is with the general public. The more, the better
