Introduction to Medical Terminology.docx

Medical Terminology: A Word Building Approach Introduction to Medical Terminology Multiple Choice Questions 1) A syllable placed at the end of a word is called a: A) prefix B) root C) suffix D) combining form Answer: C Explanation: A) A prefix comes at the beginning of a term. B) A root is the foundation of the term. C) Correct. D) A combining form is a root with a combining vowel. 2) The foundation of a word is the: A) combining vowel B) combining form C) root D) prefix Answer: C Explanation: A) A combining vowel attaches to the foundation. B) A combining form is a foundation plus a vowel. C) Correct. D) A prefix comes before the foundation. 3) The prefix ad- means: A) toward B) away from C) beside D) above Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The prefix ab- means away from. C) The prefix para- means beside. D) The prefixes super- or supra- means above. 4) The prefix dis- means: A) double B) apart C) across D) two Answer: B Explanation: A) The prefix diplo- means double. B) Correct. C) The prefix dia- means across. D) The prefix di- means two. 5) In the term antipyretic, the root pyret means: A) against B) pus C) fever D) pertaining to Answer: C Explanation: A) The prefix anti- means against. B) The word root py means pus. C) Correct. D) The suffix -ic means pertaining to. 6) In the term epidemic, the prefix epi- means: A) around B) upon C) all D) cause Answer: B Explanation: A) The prefix circum- means around. B) Correct. C) The prefix pan- means all. D) The combining form eti/o means cause. 7) A milliliter is: A) one-hundredth of a liter B) one-tenth of a liter C) one-millionth of a liter D) one-thousandth of a liter Answer: D Explanation: A) A centiliter is one-hundredth of a liter. B) A deciliter is one-tenth of a liter. C) A microliter is one millionth of a liter. D) Correct. 8) In the term necrosis, the root necr means: A) death B) new C) tumor D) nerve Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The term for new is neo-. C) The term for tumor is onc/o. D) The term for nerve is neur/o. 9) A ________ is an instrument used to view small objects. A) macroscope B) microscopy C) microscope D) macroscopy Answer: C Explanation: A) The word part macro means large. B) The suffix -scopy means the process of viewing C) Correct. D) This term means the process of viewing something large. 10) The process of being stuck together is: A) scar B) dissect C) abhesion D) adhesion Answer: D Explanation: A) A scar is thickened tissue. B) To dissect is to divide, not stick together. C) “Abhesion” is spelled incorrectly. D) Correct. 11) The combining form eti/o means: A) cause B) after C) between D) within Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The term for after is post. C) The term for between is inter-. D) The term for within is intra-. 12) In the term radiology, the suffix -logy means: A) one who specializes B) study of C) condition D) pertaining to Answer: B Explanation: A) The term for one who specializes is -ist. B) Correct. C) The suffix for condition is -sis. D) This suffix does not mean pertaining to. 13) In the term neopathy, the suffix -pathy means: A) disease B) death C) condition D) tissue Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Necr means death. C) The suffix -sis means condition. D) The term hist/o means tissue. 14) The correct spelling for the suffix, knowledge, is: A) -gosis B) -gnosis C) -gnosos D) -gnoses Answer: B Explanation: A) Incorrect spelling. B) Correct. C) Incorrect spelling. D) Incorrect spelling. 15) The combining form onc/o means: A) cyst B) tumor C) ulcer D) shrinking Answer: B Explanation: A) Cyst means sac or bladder. B) Correct. C) Onc/o does not mean ulcer. D) A term for shrinking would be atrophy. 16) ________ is the use of chemical agents to treat disease. A) Chemotherapy B) Chemotherapist C) Chemistry D) Chemtherapy Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Chemotherapist is a person. C) Chemistry is a field of study. D) This term is misspelled. 17) The suffix -centesis means: A) surgical puncture B) surgical incision C) surgical excision D) surgical repair Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The term -tomy is a surgical incision. C) The term -ectomy is a surgical excision. D) The term -plasty is a surgical repair. 18) A chemical substance that destroys bacteria is a/an: A) virustatic B) infectant C) detergent D) disinfectant Answer: D Explanation: A) There is no such term as virustatic. B) An infectant would introduce bacteria, not kill them. C) A detergent washes away; it doesn’t kill bacteria. D) Correct. 19) In the term maximal, the root maxim means: A) large B) greatest C) big D) small Answer: B Explanation: A) Macro means large. B) Correct. C) Big refers to large, as in size, height, width or amount. D) Micro means small. 20) ________ is the branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the skin. A) Dermatologist B) Dermalogy C) Dermatology D) Dermatosis Answer: C Explanation: A) Dermatologist is a specialist in dermatology. B) This term is misspelled. C) Correct. D) Dermatosis means skin condition. 21) ________ is the branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the stomach and intestines. A) Entrogastrology B) Gastrenterlogy C) Gastroenterologist D) Gastroenterology Answer: D Explanation: A) There is no term as entrogastrology. B) This term is misspelled. C) This is a specialist. D) Correct. 22) ________ is the branch of medicine that studies diseases of the eye. A) Ophthalmology B) Opthalmology C) Ophthalmologist D) Opthalmologist Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) This term is misspelled. C) This is the specialist in eye diseases. D) This term is misspelled. 23) The branch of medicine concerned with the aging process is: A) geriatrics B) geriatrician C) geratic D) geriatrics Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) This is a specialist in aging. C) There is no term as geratic. D) This term is misspelled. 24) A syllable placed at the beginning of a word is called a: A) root B) combining form C) prefix D) suffix Answer: C Explanation: A) The root is the foundation term. B) A combining form is the root with its combining vowel. C) Correct. D) A suffix is placed at the end of a word. 25) The study of the cause of disease is called: A) diagnosis B) etiology C) prognosis D) prognostication Answer: B Explanation: A) A diagnosis is a statement of what is wrong with a patient. B) Correct. C) A prognosis is a statement of probable outcome for the disorder. D) Prognostication is the act of foretelling or predicting. 26) A relationship of understanding between two individuals, especially between the patient and the physician, is called: A) empathy B) afferent C) apathy D) rapport Answer: D Explanation: A) Empathy is feeling what another person feels. B) Afferent means going toward. C) Apathy means a lack of feeling. D) Correct. 27) ________ is the branch of medicine that studies diseases of the ear, nose, and larynx. A) Ophthalmology B) Otology C) Opthalmology D) Otorhinolaryngology Answer: D Explanation: A) Ophthalmology is the study of diseases of the eye. B) Otology is the study of diseases of the ear. C) This term is misspelled. D) Correct. 28) To move away from the middle is: A) abduct B) efferent C) afferent D) adduct Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Efferent means connecting outward, not from the middle. C) Afferent means conducting or going toward the center. D) Adduct means moving toward the middle. 29) The term febrile means: A) pertaining to fever B) forming a disease C) condition of heat D) process of becoming ill Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Pathogenic would refer to forming a disease. C) Heat does not mean fever. D) Becoming ill does not always mean having a fever. 30) ________ means sudden, sharp, and severe. A) Acute B) Triage C) Chronic D) Abate Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Triage is a system of classifying a group of injured patients. C) Chronic means over a long period of time. D) Abate means to lessen or end. 31) A combination of signs and symptoms occurring together that characterizes a specific disease is called: A) prognosis B) etiology C) diagnosis D) syndrome Answer: D Explanation: A) A prognosis is a statement of expected outcome for a disorder. B) Etiology is the study of disease. C) A diagnosis is a statement of what is wrong with a patient. D) Correct. 32) The correct spelling for the medical term for profuse sweating is: A) diphoresis B) dyphoresis C) diaphoresis D) diaphoresis Answer: C Explanation: A) The term is misspelled. B) The term is misspelled. C) Correct. D) The term is misspelled 33) The process of cutting out is called: A) incision B) excision C) biopsy D) incise Answer: B Explanation: A) Incision is the process of cutting into. B) Correct. C) Biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination. D) Incise means to cut into. 34) In the term maximal, the suffix -al means: A) pertaining to B) condition C) process D) forming Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The suffix -osis is one that means condition. C) The suffix -ion is one that means process. D) The suffix -iasis means forming. 35) In the term prophylactic, the root prophylact means: A) process B) cure C) guarding D) medication Answer: C Explanation: A) Process is not the meaning of prophylact. B) The root prophylact does not mean cure. C) Correct. D) The root prophylact does not mean medication. 36) The prefix is ________ of a word. A) at the beginning B) the root C) at the end D) the vowel attached to the root Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The root is the foundation term. C) A suffix is at the end of a word. D) A combining vowel attaches to the end of a root. 37) What is the purpose of a prefix? A) to modify or create a new word B) to be the foundation of the word C) to alter the meaning of the root D) both A and C Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but there is also another correct answer. B) A root is the foundation. C) This is true, but there is also another correct answer. D) Correct. 38) The foundation of the word is the: A) combining form B) root C) suffix D) prefix Answer: B Explanation: A) This is the root plus a combining vowel. B) Correct. C) A suffix is an ending attached to the root. D) A prefix is a part added to the beginning of a root. 39) The root format means: A) forming B) repairing C) shaping D) processing Answer: C Explanation: A) Format does not mean forming. B) Format does not mean repairing. C) Correct. D) Format does not mean processing. 40) In building medical terms the combining vowel most often used is? A) A B) E C) I D) O Answer: D Explanation: A) The vowel A is rarely used as a combining vowel. B) The vowel E is not used as a combining vowel. C) The vowel I is rarely used as a combining vowel. D) Correct. 41) When giving the meaning of the word, you usually begin with the: A) prefix B) root C) suffix D) combining form Answer: C Explanation: A) Defining a prefix comes after defining the suffix. B) The root definition comes after the suffix and prefix. C) Correct. D) The combining vowel is not defined. 42) The suffix -poiesis means: A) spitting B) prolapse C) before D) formation Answer: D Explanation: A) The suffix -ptysis means spitting up. B) A prolapsed is a falling down. C) The prefix pre- means before. D) Correct. 43) Bx means: A) before B) breast C) biopsy D) broken Answer: C Explanation: A) Bx does not mean before. B) Bx does not mean breast. C) Correct. D) Fx would refer to a broken bone. 44) The prefix in abnormal means: A) condition B) pertaining to C) destruction D) away from Answer: D Explanation: A) Ab- does not mean condition. B) Pertaining to is a suffix, not a prefix. C) The suffix -lysis means destruction. D) Correct. 45) The medical term antipyretic means an agent that is: A) against vomiting B) creating abdominal pain C) against fever D) against sepsis Answer: C Explanation: A) The root pyret means fever, not vomiting. B) Antipyretic does not create pain. C) Correct. D) Antiseptic is against sepsis, or infection. 46) The term cachexia means: A) pertaining to the armpit B) surgical removal of tissue C) condition of ill health D) none of the above Answer: C Explanation: A) Axillary means pertaining to the armpit. B) The suffix -ectomy means surgical removal. C) Correct. D) The answer C is correct. 47) The suffix -hexia means: A) burst forth B) condition C) step D) treatment Answer: B Explanation: A) The suffix -rrhagia means burst forth. B) Correct. C) The suffix -hexia does not mean step. D) The term therapy means treatment. 48) The prefix in diagnosis means: A) around B) through C) many D) alongside Answer: B Explanation: A) The prefix circum- means around. B) Correct, as in diameter. C) The prefix poly- means many. D) The prefix para- means alongside. 49) The prefix in epidemic means: A) above B) through C) around D) upon Answer: D Explanation: A) The prefixes super- or supra- means above. B) The prefix dia- means through. C) The prefix circum- means around. D) Correct. 50) The prefix in heterogeneous means: A) different B) formation C) produce D) pertaining to Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Hetero- does not mean formation. C) Hetero- does not mean produce. D) A suffix is needed for pertaining to. 51) A kilogram is equal to: A) 10 g B) 100 g C) 1000 g D) 10,000 g Answer: C Explanation: A) Kilo- means one thousand, not ten. B) Kilo- does not mean hundred. C) Correct. D) Kilo- only means one thousand, not ten thousand. 52) In the terms milligram and milliliter, the prefix milli- means: A) one-tenth B) one-hundredth C) one-thousandth D) one-millionth Answer: C Explanation: A) The prefix deci- means tenth. B) The prefix centi- means hundredth. C) Correct. D) Micro- means million in metric measure. 53) The definition of pallor is: A) pertaining to fever B) a lack of color C) palm of the hand D) none of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) Febrile is the term for pertaining to fever. B) Correct. C) Palmar is the term referring to the palm of the hand. D) There is a correct answer—B. 54) The medical term that means pertaining to fever is: A) pyrogenic B) thermometer C) antipyretic D) febrile Answer: D Explanation: A) Pyrogenic means pertaining to creating a fever. B) A thermometer measures temperature. C) Antipyretic means pertaining to against a fever. D) Correct. 55) The correct spelling for the term that means against a cough is: A) antiseptic B) antitussive C) anesthesia D) antipyretic Answer: B Explanation: A) Antiseptic is against sepsis or infection. B) Correct. C) Anesthesia is lack of sensation or feeling. D) Antipyretic is against fever. 56) The suffix -ic means: A) study of B) one who specializes in C) treatment of D) pertaining to Answer: D Explanation: A) The suffix -logy means study of. B) The suffix -ist means one who specializes. C) The suffix -therapy means treatment. D) Correct. 57) The prefix anti- means: A) upon B) around C) against D) through Answer: C Explanation: A) The prefix epi- means upon. B) The prefix circum- means around. C) Correct. D) The prefix dia- means through 58) The combining form hemat/o means: A) blood B) blood condition C) red D) red blood cell Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The suffix -emia means blood condition. C) The prefix erythro- means red. D) Erythrocyte is a red blood cell. 59) The Latin word element for midwife is: A) obstetrician B) obstetrix C) obstetrics D) all of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) An obstetrician is a specialist in obstetrics. B) Correct. C) This is the medical specialty for pregnancy and delivery. D) Incorrect. B is the answer. 60) The combining forms in the term otorhinolaryngology mean: A) eye, ear, and throat B) nose, eye, and ear C) ear, nose, and larynx D) eye, ear, and nose Answer: C Explanation: A) The term for eye is not in otorhinolaryngology. B) The term for eye is not in otorhinolaryngology. C) Correct. D) The term for eye is not in otorhinolaryngology. 61) The SOAP notes containing the diagnosis is which part of the note record? A) the patient's report of symptoms B) the health professional's observations C) a plan of care D) assessment Answer: D Explanation: A) The patient’s report of symptoms is the S of SOAP. B) The professional’s observations are the O of SOAP. C) The plan of care is the P of SOAP. D) Correct. This is the assessment. 62) In the acronym SOAP the S stands for: A) suggestion B) subject C) social history D) subjective Answer: D Explanation: A) The S stands for subjective signs and symptoms. B) The S does not stand for subject. C) The S stands for subjective signs and symptoms. D) Correct. 63) Objective information is that which is/are: A) the patient's description of his or her symptoms B) symptoms that can be observed or measured C) general family information D) all of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) The patient’s report is subjective. B) Correct. C) Objective information is that which can be measured or observed. D) No, there is only one right answer. 64) A patient's physical medical record officially belongs to the: A) patient B) family members C) health care provider D) insurance company Answer: C Explanation: A) The patient owns the information, not the written record. B) Family members have no ownership of a patient’s record. C) Correct. D) The insurance company needs the patient’s approval to get information. 65) The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was passed in: A) 1985 B) 1990 C) 1996 D) 2002 Answer: C Explanation: A) This is eleven years too early. B) 1990 is six years too early. C) Correct. D) The act was passed in 1996. Matching Questions Match the following terms. A) the study of the cause(s) of disease B) determination of the cause and nature of a disease C) having 100 steps or degrees D) profuse sweating E) an agent that works against coughing F) pertaining to the armpit G) a unit of weight 1) antitussive 2) axillary 3) centigrade 4) diagnosis 5) diaphoresis 6) gram 7) etiology Answers: 1) E 2) F 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) G 7) A Match the following terms. A) a feeling of discomfort B) spreading of cancer in the body C) a prediction of the course of a disease D) the sorting and classifying of injuries E) sudden, sharp, severe F) an instrument used to measure degree of heat G) a new disease 8) neopathy 9) prognosis 10) thermometer 11) triage 12) acute 13) malaise 14) malignant Answers: 8) G 9) C 10) F 11) D 12) E 13) A 14) B Match the word part with its meaning. A) against B) bad C) many, much D) small E) before F) through G) away from H) without, not I) beside J) self K) new 15) a- 16) ab- 17) anti- 18) auto- 19) dia- 20) mal- 21) micro- 22) multi- 23) neo- 24) para- 25) pro- Answers: 15) H 16) G 17) A 18) J 19) F 20) B 21) D 22) C 23) K 24) I 25) E Match the word part with its meaning. A) together B) one-thousandth C) chemical D) heat, fire E) armpit F) pertaining to G) process H) large I) stuck to J) recording 26) syn- 27) adhes- 28) milli- 29) axill- 30) chem/o 31) macr/o 32) pyr/o 33) -al 34) -graphy 35) -ion Answers: 26) A 27) I 28) B 29) E 30) C 31) H 32) D 33) F 34) J 35) G Short Answer Questions 1) Write the correct abbreviation for milligram: Answer: mg 2) Write the correct abbreviation for cardiovascular: Answer: CV 3) Write the correct abbreviation for Celsius: Answer: C 4) Write the correct abbreviation for gastrointestinal: Answer: GI 5) Write the correct abbreviation for biopsy: Answer: Bx 6) Write the correct abbreviation for diagnosis: Answer: Dx 7) Write the correct abbreviation for family practice: Answer: FP 8) Write the correct meaning for CV: Answer: cardiovascular 9) Write the correct meaning for Bx: Answer: biopsy 10) Write the correct meaning for Dx: Answer: diagnosis 11) Write the correct abbreviation for gram: Answer: g 12) Write the correct meaning for GYN: Answer: gynecology 13) Write the correct abbreviation for liter: Answer: L 14) Write the correct meaning for mL: Answer: milliliter 15) ________ is called "The Father of Medicine" and is credited with establishing early ethical standards for physicians. Answer: Hippocrates 16) The term ________ means to fix before or to fix to the beginning of a word. Answer: prefix 17) The foundation of the word is called the ________. Answer: root 18) The term ________ may be a syllable or group of syllables united with, or placed at, the end of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the word or to create a new word. Answer: suffix 19) Treatment of disease by using chemical agents is called ________. Answer: chemotherapy 20) ________ means a tumor of the stomach. Answer: Gastroma 21) The muscular tissue of the uterus is called ________. Answer: myometrium 22) Carrying impulses toward a center is called ________. Answer: afferent 23) The meaning of mcg is ________. Answer: microgram 24) The meaning of the abbreviation Dx is ________. Answer: diagnosis 25) The meaning of the abbreviation ENT is ________. Answer: ear, nose and throat 26) The meaning of the abbreviation GI is ________. Answer: gastrointestinal 27) The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of an allergic nature and immune response is called allergy and ________. Answer: immunology 28) The branch of medicine concerned with prevention, control, and treatment of obesity is ________. Answer: bariatrics 29) ________ is the branch of medicine concerned with rheumatic diseases. Answer: Rheumatology 30) Carrying impulses away from a center is called ________. Answer: efferent 31) The prefix meaning between is ________. Answer: inter- 32) The suffix -rrhage or ________ means to burst forth or bursting forth. Answer: -rrhagia 33) The suffix for suture is ________. Answer: -rrhaphy 34) The prefix meaning above, beyond, or excessive is ________. Answer: hyper- 35) To lead away from the middle is called ________. Answer: abduct 36) Inflammation of a joint is called ________. Answer: arthritis 37) The prefix meaning below, under, or deficient is ________. Answer: hypo- True/False Questions 1) A combining form is a word root to which a vowel has been added. Answer: TRUE 2) Greek is the origin for terms that relate to the body's organs. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Latin is the origin for organ terms. 3) Adduct means to lead away from the middle. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Abduct means to lead away from the middle. 4) Arteritis is an inflammation of an artery. Answer: TRUE 5) The plural of bursa is bursus. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The plural of bursa is bursae. 6) The singular of appendices is appendix. Answer: TRUE 7) The term adhesion means being stuck together. Answer: TRUE 8) Centimeter is 100 steps or degrees. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Centimeter is one-hundredth of a meter. 9) Afferent means to carry impulses away from a center. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Afferent means to carry impulses toward a center. 10) Etiology is the study of the cause of disease. Answer: TRUE Essay Questions 1) Give the three guidelines that help with the building and spelling of medical words. Give an example of each. Answer: 1. If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel from the combining form and add the suffix. Gastr/o (stomach) -oma (tumor) becomes gastroma when we drop the "o" from gastro. 2. If the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the combining vowel and add the suffix to the combining form. Lip/o (fat) -lysis (destruction) becomes lipolysis and we keep the "o" on the combining form lipo. 3. Keep the combining vowel between two or more roots in a term. Electr/o (electricity) cardi/o (heart) -gram (record) becomes electrocardiogram and we keep the two combin-ing vowels. 2) Medical words can be made up of four different types of word parts. Name each word part and give a description of each. Answer: 1. Prefixes unite with or are placed at the beginning of words to alter or modify their meanings or to create entirely new words. 2. Roots are the foundation of medical words. They convey the central meaning of the word and form the base to which prefixes and suffixes are attached for word modification. 3. Combining forms are root words to which a vowel has been added. 4. Suffixes may be a syllable or group of syllables united with or placed at the end of a word to alter or modify the meaning of the suffix. 3) Name four medical specialties and give a definition of each one. Answer: Answers may include but are not limited to those below. 1. Allergy and Immunology: The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of an allergic nature. 2. Anesthesiology: The branch of medicine concerned with appropriate anesthesia for partial or complete loss of sensation. 3. Bariatrics: Branch of medicine concerned with prevention, control, and treatment of obesity. 4. Cardiology: The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. 5. Dermatology: The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the skin. 6. Endocrinology: The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the endocrine system. 7. Epidemiology: The branch of medicine concerned with epidemic diseases. 8. Family Practice: The branch of medicine concerned with the care of members of the family regardless of age and/or sex. 9. Gastroenterology: The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the stomach and intestines. 10. Geriatrics: The branch of medicine concerned with aspects of aging. 11. Gynecology: The branch of medicine that studies diseases of the female reproductive system. 12. Hematology: The branch of medicine that studies diseases of the blood and blood-forming tissues. 4) Name four types of surgical specialties and give a description of each. Answer: Answers may include but are not limited to those listed. 1. Cardiovascular is the surgical repair and correction of cardiovascular dysfunctions. 2. Colon and Rectum is the surgical repair and correction of colon and rectal dysfunctions. 3. Cosmetic, Reconstructive, and Plastic is surgical repair, reconstruction, revision, or change in the texture, configuration, or relationship of contiguous structures of any part of the human body. 4. General is surgical repair and correction of various body parts and/or organs. 5. Maxillofacial is surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human mouth and dental structures. 6. Neurologic is surgical repair and correction of neurologic dysfunctions. 7. Orthopedic is surgical prevention and repair of musculoskeletal dysfunctions. 8. Thoracic is surgical repair and correction of organs within the rib cage. 9. Trauma is surgical repair and correction of traumatic injuries. 10. Vascular is surgical repair and correction of vascular dysfunctions. 5) An abbreviation is a process of shortening a word or phrase into appropriate letters. Explain the importance of using correct abbreviations in communication in writing and documenting data. Answer: When using abbreviations, caution must be exercised. There are many that have more than one meaning. It is essential that you use or translate the correct meaning for the abbreviation being used. If there is any question about which abbreviation to use, it is best to spell out the word or phrase and not use an abbreviation. 6) Explain how the phonetically spelled pronunciation guide aids you to pronounce medical words or phrases correctly. Answer: It is very important to pronounce medical words with the same or very similar sounds to convey their correct meaning. One mispronounced syllable can change the meaning of a medical word. Accent marks are used to indicate stress on certain syllables. A single accent mark is called a primary accent and is used with the syllable that has the strongest stress. A double accent is called a secondary accent and is used on syllables that are stressed less than primary syllables. Diacritics are marks placed over or under vowels to indicate the long or short sound of the vowel. The macron (-) shows the long sound of the vowel, the breve (1) shows the short sound of the vowel, and the schwa (_) indicates the uncolored, central vowel sound of most unstressed syllables. 7) Divide and label the medical word antiseptic and give the meaning. Answer: anti-/sept/-ic (anti- = against \ sept = putrefaction \ -ic = pertaining to) P R S The meaning of the word antiseptic is: pertaining to an agent that works against sepsis; putre-faction. 8) Divide and label the medical word diaphoresis and give the meaning. Answer: dia-/ phoresis (dia- = through \ -phoresis = to carry) P S The meaning of the word diaphoresis is: to carry through sweat glands; profuse sweating. 9) Divide and label the medical word macroscopic and give the meaning. Answer: macr/o/ scop/-ic (macr/o = large \ scop = to view \-ic = pertaining to) C F R S The meaning of the word macroscopic is: pertaining to objects large enough to be examined by the naked eye. 10) In what year was the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) founded? Why was this board created? Answer: The American Board of Medical Specialties was founded in 1933. This board established standards for, and monitoring of, specialty practice areas. A physician who has met standards beyond those of admission to licensure and has passed an examination in a specialty area becomes board certified. 11) The medical record is a written transcript of information about a patient and his or her health care. Explain the importance of protecting this information. Answer: This record contains the observations, medical or surgical interventions, and treatment outcomes provided during hospitalization or a visit to a doctor's office. It includes information that the patient provides concerning his or her symptoms and medical history, the results of examinations, reports of x-rays and laboratory tests, diagnoses, and treatment plans. Information from medical records may influence one's credit, admission to educational institutions, and employment. It may also affect the ability to get health insurance or the rates one pays for coverage. More importantly, having others know intimate details about a patient's life may mean a loss of dignity and autonomy. 12) Name the four parts of a SOAP chart note. Describe each part. Answer: 1. Subjective: symptoms the subject (patient) feels and describes to the health care professional. These symptoms arise within the individual and are not perceptible to an observer. 2. Objective: symptoms that can be observed, such as those that are seen, felt, smelled, heard, or measured. 3. Assessment: includes the diagnosis of the patient's condition. 4. Plan: includes the management and treatment regimen for the patient; may include laboratory tests, physical therapy, diet therapy, medications, medical and surgical interventions, patient referrals such as counseling and finding a support group, patient teaching, and follow-up directions.