...Assessment of Methane Hydrate Recovery and Processing...
...and Processing at Hydrate Ridge FSc 503...
...Transport & Structure............................................................................................8 Hydrate Ridge Characterization............................................................................................8 Stability...
...Comparison of Methane Hydrate and Ethylene Glycol.....................................................12...
...Results & Conclusions.............................................................................17 Hydrate Removal/Mining Techniques.................................................................................20 Future...
...of NG from Hydrate Reservoir........................................................33 Capital and...
...compositions of methane hydrate core samples...............................................23 Table...
...of potentially viable hydrate reserves............................................................49 6 List...
...of Deliverability on Hydrate Decomposition... Figure 12:...
...water Presence of hydrate former Appropriate temperature...
...In a methane hydrate reservoir, free gas,...
...there won’t be hydrate formation although the...
...occur in methane hydrate is fixed by...
...of solid methane hydrate is assumed as...
...volume of methane hydrate will be 164...
...characteristics of methane hydrate deposits are different...
...source of methane hydrate lies eighty kilometers...
...Oregon, USA. The hydrate is situated upon...
...and/or free gas. Hydrate accumulations develop according...
...result in lower hydrate concentrations as dispersed...
...leading to higher hydrate pore saturations ....
...Specific to the Hydrate Ridge are horizons...
...conduit that spans Hydrate Ridge and transports...
...resulted in structural hydrate accumulations at South...
...accumulations at South Hydrate Ridge that approach...
...accretionary prism . Hydrate Ridge Characterization A...
...(Table 2) of hydrate-bound methane . Table...
...the presence of hydrate . The production...
...production of methane hydrate adds to the...
...summit region of Hydrate Ridge utilize these...
...southern summit of Hydrate Ridge consists of...
...Similar to ice, hydrate in finer sediments,...
...as clay, form hydrate lenses, pellets, or...
...cementation. Depending on hydrate pore volume saturation...
...water decreases with hydrate formation, approaching the...
...formation of methane hydrate, only after methane...
...within the gas hydrate stability Figure 3...
...bottom of the hydrate stability zone, overburden...
...stresses overcome the hydrate pressure and act...
...to confine the hydrate. Above 19 mbsf...
...mbsf the internal hydrate pressure is greater...
...stress and the hydrate formation is able...
...overburden stresses, 30-40% hydrate pore saturations occur...
...but also the hydrate reserves. Figure 2:...
...reserves. Figure 2: Hydrate-grain scenarios for pore...
...deformation Figure 2: Hydrate-grain interactions for pore...
...inhibitors on the hydrate stability curve (Pooladi-Darvish...
...most offshore applications, hydrate formation is controlled...
...of a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor. Inhibition injection...
...pressures and facilitates hydrate dissociation. While red...
...colored area implies hydrate zone, after temperature...
...will form and hydrate zone will shift...
...temperature low temperature Hydrate Zone Figure 5:...
...P-T Shift showing hydrate dissociation due to...
...depression in the hydrate dissociation via presence...
...Comparison of Methane Hydrate and Ethylene Glycol...
...to methanol for hydrate prevention in offshore...
...J. 2003) classified hydrate reservoirs based on...
...The rate of hydrate dissociation at the...
...decomposition of the hydrate that results in...
...isotropic with a hydrate zone and an...
...driving force for hydrate dissociation 4) There...
...phase in the hydrate zone. There are...
...three phases – hydrate (solid), natural gas...
...that coming from hydrate dissociation 10) Heat...
...are neglected Qg HYDRATE ZONE GAS ZONE...
...Surface area of hydrate 1500 m2 Gas...
...formation volume 0.02 Hydrate formation volume *Bw...
...GHi Initial gas hydrate in place 2.3E6...
...produced hHi Initial hydrate zone 115m gi...
...exponent 0.5 PHe Hydrate decomposition 5.47E3 KPa...
...Equations 1 m3 hydrate = 164 m3...
...1 mole of hydrate = 1 mole...
...in volume of hydrate from time t=0...
...of change of hydrate zone thickness as...
...a result of hydrate decomposition is given...
...water influx from hydrate decomposition is eHeHGW410*33.8...
...free gas and hydrate as – cTTbTTaPDDD200)()(log...
...of the methane hydrate in the Oregon...
...value of the hydrate equilibrium pressure is...
...that coming from hydrate dissociation. U sing...
...the percentage of hydrate dissociated vs time...
...the percentage of hydrate contribution to the...
...percentage contribution from hydrate vs t graphs...
...is very little hydrate dissociated, this is...
...doesn’t have a hydrate dissociation state because...
...Rate 1.00E-111.00E-101.00E-091.00E-081.00E-071.00E-061.00E-051.00E-041.00E-031.00E-021.00E-011.00E+001.0E-021.0E-011.0E+001.0E+011.0E+021.0E+03Time (s)Percentage Hydrate Dissociated (%) C...
...of Deliverability on Hydrate Decomposition Figure 12:...
...Gas Prod. 20 Hydrate Removal/Mining Techniques The...
...material above the hydrate is neither as...
...to dissociate the hydrate is provided by...
...zone (the un-dissociated hydrate zone), providing the...
...severe, especially thinner hydrate zones. The use...
...considered for the Hydrate Ridge site. Alternatively,...
...if natural gas hydrate and GTL transportation...
...and CNG for Hydrate Ridge sites is...
...economically viable as hydrate shipping. The estimates...
...market . Overall, hydrate transportation seems to...
...hydrates. Since the hydrate production can be...
...CNG and GTL, hydrate transportation is the...
...is feasible. Should hydrate transportation prove not...
...rate from the hydrate ridge is so...
...from the methane hydrate to Fischer-Tropsch fuels...
...the Cascadia Ridge hydrate reservoir for production...
...H2O condenserSweetening unitMethane hydrate slurrySweet, moist gas...
...compositions of methane hydrate core samples. 24...
...case of methane hydrate use for GTL...
...After the methane hydrate is removed from...
...case of methane hydrate extraction at Hydrate...
...hydrate extraction at Hydrate Ridge, a site...
...pipelines from the Hydrate Ridge site will...
...from the methane hydrate site is completed....
...as a methane hydrate, may be considered...
...production from the Hydrate Ridge FT Transportation...
...of the methane hydrate site, rental is...
...valuable by-product. from Hydrate Reservoir Usually NG...
...field of NG/methane hydrate such as the...
...using FTFP for hydrate recovery and utilization....
...injected into the hydrate reservoir. Ideally, FTFP...
...methane from the hydrate reservoir can be...
...steam into the hydrate reservoir will open...
...and therefore increasing hydrate dissociation (increase gas...
...the field is hydrate limited, as expected...
...applied to the hydrate reservoir}. Total capital...
...remote and small hydrate fields. GTL Process...
...heat to increase hydrate dissociation will for...
...for the current hydrate location. Ideally, the...
...generating steam for hydrate dissociation. Figure 21:...
...heat for the hydrate reservoir. Ideally, heat...
...from dissociated methane hydrate never reaches the...
...produced from methane hydrate may not affect...
...situated above shifting hydrate deposits. Hydrates create...
...and atmosphere; disturbing hydrate deposits during drilling...
...insufficient volume of hydrate can be dissociated,...
...be considered viable. Hydrate reserves at Hydrate...
...Hydrate reserves at Hydrate Ridge have shown...
...stability. Also, since hydrate dissociation was minimal...
...viable approach for hydrate recovery may be...
...mechanisms controlling gas hydrate-induced sea floor subsidence...
...to convert methane hydrate to a salable...
...the amount of hydrate is four times...
...the amount of hydrate available can be...
...the option. Conclusions Hydrate reservoirs have proven...
...gas at Southern Hydrate Ridge. The model...
...heat for the hydrate zone. Ideally heat...
...the amount of hydrate dissociated in the...
...the amount of hydrate is quadrupled, the...
...the amount of hydrate available can be...
...viable approach for hydrate recovery. The Gas-to-Liquids...
...dissociate the entire hydrate reserve at the...
...the location of hydrate reserves plays an...
...significant and concentrated hydrate resources are typically...
...Several potentially viable hydrate reserves are outlined...
...of potentially viable hydrate reserves Region Area,...
...Resource Density Gas Hydrate Concentration, vol% Hydrate...
...Hydrate Concentration, vol% Hydrate Ridge 375 700-1000...
...porduction from methane hydrate dissociation." J. Petroleum...
...model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by...
..."Kinetics of methane hydrate decomposition." Chem. Eng....
...in natural Gas Hydrate’ Organic Geochemistry, Vol....
...A. (1988) ‘Methane Hydrate-A Major Reservoir of...
...of gas from hydrate deposits using conventional...
...of offshore gas hydrate accumulations and provinces."...
...gas production from hydrate accumulations under various...
...from several CH hydrate zones at the...
..."Gas production from hydrate reservoirs and its...
..."Consolidatin characteristics of hydrate saturated sediments from...
...ODP Site 1244, Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Continental...
...gas zone beneath Hydrate Ridge, Oregon continental...
...distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate...
...hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge." Earth and...
...K.A. (1988), “Methane Hydrate-A Major Reservoir of...
...S.L. ‘Study of Hydrate Dissociation by Methanol...
...Exploitation of Methane Hydrate Deposits eum Geology...