03 test bank 2

Campbell's Biology: Concepts and Connections, 7e (Reece et al.) Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells 3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Lactose intolerance is the inability to A) produce milk proteins. B) produce lactose. C) digest cellulose. D) digest lactose. Answer: D Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Lactose intolerance A) is common in people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood. B) is most common in people of European descent. C) can currently be treated by gene therapy to treat the underlying cause. D) does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice. Answer: D Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Organic compounds A) always contain nitrogen. B) are synthesized only by animal cells. C) always contain carbon. D) always contain oxygen. Answer: C Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. B) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. C) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. D) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched "carbon skeletons." Answer: B Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 5) Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds. B) Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. C) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single and double bonds. D) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched or ringed structures. Answer: A Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have A) the same molecular formula, but different chemical properties. B) different molecular formulas, but the same chemical properties. C) the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties. D) the same molecular formula, but represent different states of the compound. Answer: A Topic: 3.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 7) A hydroxyl group is A) also called a carbonyl group. B) characteristic of proteins. C) characteristic of alcohols. D) basic. Answer: C Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 8) Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) ?C?O B) ?OH C) ?NH2 D) ?COOH Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 9) Which of the following is an amino group? A) ?OH B) ?NH2 C) ?COOH D) ?CO Answer: B Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false? A) Functional groups help make organic compounds hydrophilic. B) Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups. C) Functional groups participate in chemical reactions. D) All functional groups include a carbon atom. Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 11) Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A) amino acids B) fats C) sugars D) vinegar Answer: A Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 12) Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression? A) ?OH B) ?COOH C) ?CO D) ?CH3 Answer: D Topic: 3.2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 13) Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? A) Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40–50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare. B) The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. C) Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. D) Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis. Answer: D Topic: 3.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. B) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. C) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. D) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food. Answer: D Topic: 3.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 15) The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by A) condensation. B) hydrolysis. C) polymerization. D) the addition of an amino group. Answer: B Topic: 3.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A) to promote the synthesis of monomers B) to induce chemical reactions C) to stop chemical reactions D) to speed up chemical reactions Answer: D Topic: 3.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 17) The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of A) CH3O. B) CH2O. C) CHO. D) CHO2. Answer: B Topic: 3.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n) A) oil. B) steroid. C) protein. D) polysaccharide. Answer: D Topic: 3.4 Skill: Application/Analysis 19) Many names for sugars end in the suffix A) -acid. B) -ose. C) -hyde. D) -ase. Answer: B Topic: 3.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 20) Sucrose is formed A) from two glucose molecules. B) from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis. C) when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides. D) when glucose and lactose are combined. Answer: B Topic: 3.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 21) A disaccharide forms when A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis. B) two starches join by dehydration synthesis. C) two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis. D) two starches join by hydrolysis. Answer: A Topic: 3.5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called A) fructose. B) starch. C) hydrocarbon. D) cellulose. Answer: B Topic: 3.6 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? A) sucrose, starch, and cellulose B) starch, amino acids, and glycogen C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen D) fructose, cellulose, and glucose Answer: C Topic: 3.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 24) Cellulose differs from starch in that A) glycogen is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. B) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. C) starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers. D) cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. Answer: B Topic: 3.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 25) Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from A) plants. B) dairy products. C) red meats. D) fish. Answer: A Topic: 3.7 Skill: Application/Analysis 26) Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because A) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. C) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. D) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. Answer: C Topic: 3.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants. A) starch . . . glycogen B) glycogen . . . starch C) cellulose . . . glycogen D) glycogen . . . cellulose Answer: B Topic: 3.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin? A) animals and plants B) plants and bacteria C) fungi and insects D) insects and plants Answer: C Topic: 3.7 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 29) An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by A) adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. B) removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur. C) removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds. D) cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify. Answer: A Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 30) A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because A) most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of steroids. B) most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal products contain high levels of phospholipids. C) most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of unsaturated fats. D) most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats. Answer: D Topic: 3.8 Skill: Application/Analysis 31) What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic? A) Fats have carboxyl groups. B) Fats include one glycerol molecule. C) Fats have polar fatty acids. D) Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. Answer: D Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) Fatty acids are A) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. B) composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group. C) hydrophobic. D) composed of four linked rings. Answer: C Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 33) Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? A) Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. B) Triglycerides play a role in energy storage. C) Triglycerides are a type of fat. D) Triglycerides are hydrophilic. Answer: D Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be A) unsaturated. B) saturated. C) completely hydrogenated. D) monoglycerides. Answer: A Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 35) The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in A) fiber. B) protein. C) saturated fats. D) sugars. Answer: C Topic: 3.8 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36) If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that A) is liquid at room temperature. B) is hydrogenated. C) is modified to be solid at room temperature. D) has lard added to it. Answer: A Topic: 3.8 Skill: Application/Analysis 37) Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false? A) Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy. B) Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes. C) Many lipids function as enzymes. D) Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones. Answer: C Topic: 3.8, 3.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) A phospholipid is composed of A) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. B) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. C) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. D) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids. Answer: D Topic: 3.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) Which of the following substances is a lipid? A) DNA B) cellulose C) steroids D) enzymes Answer: C Topic: 3.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 40) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is A) triglycerides. B) phospholipids. C) glycerol. D) waxes. Answer: B Topic: 3.9 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 41) Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false? A) They cause a general buildup of muscle mass. B) They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones. C) They promote bone growth. D) They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior. Answer: C Topic: 3.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 42) Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by A) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. B) the chemical properties of their R groups. C) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. D) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. Answer: B Topic: 3.11 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 43) Proteins differ from one another because A) the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein. B) the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein. C) each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules. D) the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule. Answer: B Topic: 3.11 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 44) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins. A) oils B) amino acids C) fatty acids D) monosaccharides Answer: B Topic: 3.11 Skill: Application/Analysis 45) Peptide bonds A) are used to form amino acids. B) form between fatty acids. C) are formed by a hydrolysis reaction. D) link amino acids. Answer: D Topic: 3.11 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 46) Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? A) They increase the rate of chemical reactions. B) They function as chemical catalysts. C) They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell. D) They are monomers used to build proteins. Answer: D Topic: 3.12 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 47) Which one of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A) cholesterol B) starch C) enzymes D) cellulose Answer: C Topic: 3.12 Skill: Application/Analysis 48) Structural proteins A) include receptor molecules. B) include hemoglobin. C) are found in hair and tendons. D) include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white. Answer: C Topic: 3.12 Skill: Application/Analysis 49) A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis? A) the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem B) the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem C) the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem D) the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem Answer: B Topic: 3.11; 3.12 Skill: Application/Analysis 50) Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? A) the shape of the protein B) the function of the protein C) the number of amino acids in the protein D) the binding properties of the protein Answer: C Topic: 3.12 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 51) Proteins cannot be denatured by A) heat. B) changes in pH. C) changes in salt concentration. D) freezing. Answer: D Topic: 3.12 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 52) The primary structure of a protein is A) an ? helix or a pleated sheet. B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. C) composed of two or more polypeptide chains. D) maintained by hydrogen bonds. Answer: B Topic: 3.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 53) Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein? A) a particular amino acid sequence B) an alpha helix C) a globular shape D) the joining of two polypeptide chains Answer: B Topic: 3.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 54) The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to A) its size. B) the presence of pleated sheets. C) the amino acids of which it is made. D) the overall three-dimensional structure. Answer: D Topic: 3.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 55) A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary Answer: D Topic: 3.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 56) Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein. A) solubility . . . texture B) form . . . construction C) structure . . . function D) adaptability . . . development Answer: C Topic: 3.13 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 57) How are genes used by cells to build proteins? A) The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein. B) The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a protein. C) DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence. D) The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly. Answer: A Topic: 3.14 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 58) Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false? A) Nucleotides contain lipids. B) Nucleotides contain sugar molecules. C) Nucleotides can be linked together to form nucleic acids. D) Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases. Answer: A Topic: 3.15 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 59) Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer? A) cellulose, amino acids B) DNA, nucleotides C) collagen, nucleic acids D) RNA, ribose Answer: B Topic: 3.15 Skill: Application/Analysis 60) DNA differs from RNA because DNA A) contains thymine in place of uracil. B) consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand. C) contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. D) contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. Answer: A Topic: 3.15 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 61) You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food A) includes proteins. B) could only be made of triglycerides. C) could only be made of carbohydrates. D) does not include proteins or nucleic acids. Answer: D Topic: 3.4, 3.8, 3.11, 3.15 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 62) In what part of the world did the mutation for lactose tolerance first appear? A) Eastern Asia B) South America C) Northern Europe D) North America Answer: C Topic: 3.16 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 63) Why did the lactose tolerance mutation in the East African herders spread so rapidly within the population? A) Milk provided calcium for strong bones. B) It was a selective advantage for survival during droughts. C) Lactose was a better source of energy than glucose. D) Milk was a good source of protein during the winter. Answer: B Topic: 3.16 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3.2 Art Questions 1) These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them? A) the number of carbon atoms B) the number of hydrogen atoms C) the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom D) Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms. Answer: C Topic: 3.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) How are these two amino acids attached together? A) amino group to amino group B) amino group to carboxylic acid group C) carboxylic acid group to carboxylic acid group D) through a hydrolysis reaction Answer: B Topic: 3.11 Skill: Application/Analysis 3.3 Scenario Questions After reading the paragraph, answer the question(s) that follow. You're the manager of a factory that produces enzyme-washed blue jeans (the enzymes lighten the color of the denim, giving a "faded" appearance). When the most recent batch of fabric came out of the enzyme wash, however, the color wasn't light enough to meet your standards. Your quality control laboratory wants to do some tests to determine why the wash enzymes didn't perform as expected. 1) Which hypothesis is most likely to be productive for their initial investigation? A) The nucleotide chain of the enzymes may be incorrectly formed. B) The dye in the fabric may have hydrolyzed the fatty acids in the enzymes. C) The three-dimensional structure of the proteins may have been altered. D) There may not have been enough phospholipids for the volume of fabric. Answer: C Topic: 3.12 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) Based on your understanding of enzyme structure, which of the following would you recommend that they also investigate? A) the temperature of the liquid in the washing vat B) the manufacturer of the fabric C) how long the fabric has been in storage D) the primary structure of the enzyme Answer: A Topic: 3.12 Skill: Application/Analysis 15 Copyright © 2012 Education, Inc.