Chapter 4 Lecture Slides for Gridley, Concise Guide to Jazz

Early Jazz Chapter 4 A New Style Early jazz differs from ragtime, blues, and brass band roots Much of each performance was improvised Rhythmic feeling was looser and more relaxed Collective improvisation created a more complex style Jazz generated a new repertory of compositions Early jazz musicians began embellishing the melodies of pop tunes Improvising was also known as “jassing” or “jazzing up” By the 1930s, all that remained in some jazz performances was the original tune’s spirit and chord progressions A New Style (Continued) Combo jazz began in New Orleans The Chicago scene Many New Orleans musicians were first recorded in the early 1920s in Chicago Collective improvisation Definition: All group members playing and improvising at the same time Instruments fulfilled set musical roles similar to those established in brass bands Trumpet - Often played the melody Clarinet - Decorated the melody played by the trumpet Trombone - Played simpler figures which outlined the chord notes and filled in low-pitched harmony notes Jazz Music Recorded The Original Dixieland Jazz Band First recorded in 1917: “Livery Stable Blues” A huge hit that was widely imitated Listening Guide: “Dixie Jazz Band One-Step” CD 1, Track 1 The Chicago Scene Chicago was the center of an active jazz scene during the 1920s Chicago musicians fall into three main categories: Transplanted New Orleans African American musicians Their white New Orleans counterparts Young white Chicagoans who imitated the older players Known as THE CHICAGO SCHOOL These three groups mixed with New York musicians creating a jazz scene there Listening Guide: “Alligator Hop” CD 1, Track 2 Jazz Piano Styles Jazz piano styles were evolving in places other than New Orleans prior to 1920 The East Coast produced many outstanding jazz pianists of the 1920s Early jazz piano styles evolved from ragtime Many early jazz pianists played unaccompanied Instruments in Early Jazz Bands Most early jazz combos included: Trumpet Clarinet Trombone Occasionally saxophone The rhythm section included some combination of Guitar Banjo Tuba Bass saxophone String bass Piano Drums Early Jazz Innovators: Jelly Roll Morton Pianist, composer-arranger, bandleader originally from New Orleans Historically notable First important jazz composer Notable jazz pianist who created memorable melodies Effectively blended composition with group improvisation Early Jazz Innovators: James P. Johnson Pianist in the East Coast Style Like Morton, helped to smooth the transition from ragtime to jazz Tended to play lighter, faster, and less bluesy than Morton Historically notable Considered “the father of stride piano” Perfected an orchestral approach to jazz piano playing Influenced most pianists who emerged during the 1920s, including Fats Waller and Duke Ellington Early Jazz Innovators: Fats Waller Song writer, pianist, entertainer Six of his recordings hit #1 on the charts and many more rose to the top 10 Known for his near perfect sense of rhythm Broadcasted regularly on the radio Historically Notable Wrote music for several Broadway shows “Ain’t Misbehavin’” Major figure in popular music as whole, not just jazz Most gracefully swinging of all the stride-style pianists View: “Honeysuckle Rose,” PH Jazz History DVD Early Jazz Innovators: Earl Hines Pianist Significantly influenced piano playing styles 1930s and ‘40s Moved to Chicago in 1924 Historically notable His 1920s recordings with Louis Armstrong His 1930s radio broadcasts and tours with his big band His rough and “brassy” sound on the piano Louis Armstrong Trumpeter, singer, entertainer “Father of Jazz” Born in New Orleans; left for Chicago in 1922 Joined Joe “King” Oliver’s band Most significant recordings were made in 1927 and 1928 Appeared in close to 50 movies and sang in most of his post-1930 performances Pioneering scat singer View: “Tiger Rag,” PH Jazz History DVD Early Jazz Innovators: Bix Beiderbecke Trumpeter Known for his subdued manner and style in contrast to Armstrong Historically Notable His ability to construct intelligent solos and unusual note choices His use of rich harmonies in his compositions Vocal Blues Bessie Smith: One of the most influential blues singers Often accompanied by jazz musicians, including Armstrong Much popular music drew upon traditions in vocal blues Many jazz instrumentalists drew on the ornaments of pitch and tone quality that blues singers used View: “St. Louis Blues,” PH Jazz History DVD Listening Guide: “Reckless Blues,” CD 1, Track 5 Popularity of Early Jazz Early jazz had wide appeal Roughly parallels the kind of popularity that rock music had during the 1950s The Original Dixieland Jazz Band had several records that stayed near the top of the charts Early jazz giants were known to a wide public Jelly Roll Morton Louis Armstrong New Orleans and Chicago Style jazz continued to persist beyond the 1920s and can still be heard today Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style * * * Listening Guide: “West End Blues,” CD 1, Track 3 Listening Guide: “Riverboat Shuffle,” CD 1, Track 4 Early Jazz Chapter 4 A New Style Early jazz differs from ragtime, blues, and brass band roots Much of each performance was improvised Rhythmic feeling was looser and more relaxed Collective improvisation created a more complex style Jazz generated a new repertory of compositions Early jazz musicians began embellishing the melodies of pop tunes Improvising was also known as “jassing” or “jazzing up” By the 1930s, all that remained in some jazz performances was the original tune’s spirit and chord progressions A New Style (Continued) Combo jazz began in New Orleans The Chicago scene Many New Orleans musicians were first recorded in the early 1920s in Chicago Collective improvisation Definition: All group members playing and improvising at the same time Instruments fulfilled set musical roles similar to those established in brass bands Trumpet - Often played the melody Clarinet - Decorated the melody played by the trumpet Trombone - Played simpler figures which outlined the chord notes and filled in low-pitched harmony notes Jazz Music Recorded The Original Dixieland Jazz Band First recorded in 1917: “Livery Stable Blues” A huge hit that was widely imitated Listening Guide: “Dixie Jazz Band One-Step” CD 1, Track 1 The Chicago Scene Chicago was the center of an active jazz scene during the 1920s Chicago musicians fall into three main categories: Transplanted New Orleans African American musicians Their white New Orleans counterparts Young white Chicagoans who imitated the older players Known as THE CHICAGO SCHOOL These three groups mixed with New York musicians creating a jazz scene there Listening Guide: “Alligator Hop” CD 1, Track 2 Jazz Piano Styles Jazz piano styles were evolving in places other than New Orleans prior to 1920 The East Coast produced many outstanding jazz pianists of the 1920s Early jazz piano styles evolved from ragtime Many early jazz pianists played unaccompanied Instruments in Early Jazz Bands Most early jazz combos included: Trumpet Clarinet Trombone Occasionally saxophone The rhythm section included some combination of Guitar Banjo Tuba Bass saxophone String bass Piano Drums Early Jazz Innovators: Jelly Roll Morton Pianist, composer-arranger, bandleader originally from New Orleans Historically notable First important jazz composer Notable jazz pianist who created memorable melodies Effectively blended composition with group improvisation Early Jazz Innovators: James P. Johnson Pianist in the East Coast Style Like Morton, helped to smooth the transition from ragtime to jazz Tended to play lighter, faster, and less bluesy than Morton Historically notable Considered “the father of stride piano” Perfected an orchestral approach to jazz piano playing Influenced most pianists who emerged during the 1920s, including Fats Waller and Duke Ellington Early Jazz Innovators: Fats Waller Song writer, pianist, entertainer Six of his recordings hit #1 on the charts and many more rose to the top 10 Known for his near perfect sense of rhythm Broadcasted regularly on the radio Historically Notable Wrote music for several Broadway shows “Ain’t Misbehavin’” Major figure in popular music as whole, not just jazz Most gracefully swinging of all the stride-style pianists View: “Honeysuckle Rose,” PH Jazz History DVD Early Jazz Innovators: Earl Hines Pianist Significantly influenced piano playing styles 1930s and ‘40s Moved to Chicago in 1924 Historically notable His 1920s recordings with Louis Armstrong His 1930s radio broadcasts and tours with his big band His rough and “brassy” sound on the piano Louis Armstrong Trumpeter, singer, entertainer “Father of Jazz” Born in New Orleans; left for Chicago in 1922 Joined Joe “King” Oliver’s band Most significant recordings were made in 1927 and 1928 Appeared in close to 50 movies and sang in most of his post-1930 performances Pioneering scat singer View: “Tiger Rag,” PH Jazz History DVD Early Jazz Innovators: Bix Beiderbecke Trumpeter Known for his subdued manner and style in contrast to Armstrong Historically Notable His ability to construct intelligent solos and unusual note choices His use of rich harmonies in his compositions Vocal Blues Bessie Smith: One of the most influential blues singers Often accompanied by jazz musicians, including Armstrong Much popular music drew upon traditions in vocal blues Many jazz instrumentalists drew on the ornaments of pitch and tone quality that blues singers used View: “St. Louis Blues,” PH Jazz History DVD Listening Guide: “Reckless Blues,” CD 1, Track 5 Popularity of Early Jazz Early jazz had wide appeal Roughly parallels the kind of popularity that rock music had during the 1950s The Original Dixieland Jazz Band had several records that stayed near the top of the charts Early jazz giants were known to a wide public Jelly Roll Morton Louis Armstrong New Orleans and Chicago Style jazz continued to persist beyond the 1920s and can still be heard today