Chemistry A Molecular Approach Matter Measurement and Problem Solving

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving Multiple Choice Questions 1) Molecules can be described as A) mixtures of two or more pure substances. B) mixtures of two or more elements that has a specific ratio between components. C) two or more atoms chemically joined together. D) heterogeneous mixtures. E) homogeneous mixtures. Answer: C 2) Give the composition of water. A) two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms B) one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom C) two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom D) one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms Answer: C 3) Give the composition of hydrogen peroxide. A) two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms B) one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom C) two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom D) one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms Answer: A 4) Which of the following represents a hypothesis? A) Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. B) Nitrogen gas is a fairly inert substance. C) Nickel has a silvery sheen. D) When a substance combusts, it combines with air. E) When wood burns, heat is given off. Answer: D 5) Which of the following represents a valid hypothesis? A) Neon does not react with oxygen. B) Sodium metal reacts violently with water. C) Lead is soft and malleable. D) Oxygen is a gas at room temperature. E) Metals tend to lose electrons. Answer: E 6) The statement, "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" is called A) the Law of Conservation of Mass. B) Dalton's Atomic Theory. C) the Scientific Method. D) the Law of Multiple Proportions. E) the Law of Definite Proportions. Answer: A 7) Dalton's Atomic Theory states A) that all elements have several isotopes. B) that matter is composed of small indestructible particles. C) that the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms. D) that energy is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. E) that an atom is predominantly empty space. Answer: B 8) The Scientific Method A) is just a theory. B) is a strict set of rules and procedures that lead to inarguable fact. C) isn't used much in modern chemistry. D) is based on continued observation and experiment. E) is a framework for proving an argument you know to be true. Answer: D 9) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) A scientific law is fact. B) Once a theory is constructed, it is considered fact. C) A hypothesis is speculation that is difficult to test. D) An observation explains why nature does something. E) A scientific law summarizes a series of related observations. Answer: E 10) Identify a liquid. A) definite volume and definite shape B) definite volume and no definite shape C) no definite shape and definite volume D) no definite shape and no definite volume Answer: B 11) Identify a solid. A) definite volume and definite shape B) definite volume and no definite shape C) no definite shape and definite volume D) no definite shape and no definite volume Answer: A 12) Identify a gas. A) definite volume and definite shape B) definite volume and no definite shape C) no definite shape and definite volume D) no definite shape and no definite volume Answer: D 13) Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous solids is TRUE? A) A crystalline solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order. B) An example of a crystalline solid is glass. C) An example of an amorphous solid is table salt (NaCl). D) An amorphous solid is composed of atoms or molecules with a majority of its volume empty. E) All of the above statements are TRUE. Answer: A 14) Which of the following statements about the phases of matter is TRUE? A) In both solids and liquids, the atoms or molecules pack closely to one another. B) Solids are highly compressible. C) Gaseous substances have long-range repeating order. D) There is only one type of geometric arrangement that the atoms or molecules in any solid can adopt. E) Liquids have a large portion of empty volume between molecules. Answer: A 15) A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances is A) a homogeneous mixture. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a compound. E) an electron. Answer: B 16) A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion is A) a homogeneous mixture. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a compound. D) a solution. E) an alloy. Answer: C 17) Decanting is A) a process in which the more volatile liquid is boiled off. B) dissolving a solid into a liquid. C) separating a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid. D) pouring a mixture through a filter paper to separate the solid from the liquid. E) heating a mixture of two solids to fuse them together. Answer: C 18) Distillation is A) a process in which the more volatile liquid is boiled off. B) dissolving a solid into a liquid. C) separating a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid. D) pouring a mixture through a filter paper to separate the solid from the liquid. E) heating a mixture of two solids to fuse them together. Answer: A 19) Filtration is A) a process in which the more volatile liquid is boiled off. B) dissolving a solid into a liquid. C) separating a solid from a liquid by pouring off the liquid. D) pouring a mixture through a filter paper to separate the solid from the liquid. E) heating a mixture of two solids to fuse them together. Answer: D 20) Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is constant throughout are A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. E) a crystalline solid. Answer: D 21) Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is variable throughout are A) a solution. B) a homogeneous mixture. C) a compound. D) an amorphous solid.. E) a heterogeneous mixture. Answer: E 22) A physical change A) occurs when iron rusts. B) occurs when sugar is heated into caramel. C) occurs when glucose is converted into energy within your cells. D) occurs when water is evaporated. E) occurs when propane is burned for heat. Answer: D 23) A chemical change A) occurs when methane gas is burned. B) occurs when paper is shredded. C) occurs when water is vaporized. D) occurs when salt is dissolved in water. E) occurs when powdered lemonade is stirred into water. Answer: A 24) Which of the following represents a physical property? A) Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas. B) Mercury is a silvery liquid at room temperature. C) Aluminum has a tendency to "rust." D) Butane is highly flammable. E) Argon has an unreactive nature. Answer: B 25) Which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas? A) It is gaseous at room temperature. B) It is less dense than air. C) It reacts explosively with oxygen. D) It is colorless. E) It is tasteless. Answer: C 26) Which of the following statements about energy is FALSE? A) Energy can be converted from one type to another. B) The total energy of a system remains constant. C) Kinetic energy is the energy associated with its position or composition. D) Energy is the capacity to do work. E) Systems tend to change in order to lower their potential energy. Answer: C 27) Define thermal energy. A) energy associated with the temperature of an object B) energy associated with the motion of an object C) energy associated with the force of an object D) energy associated with the gravity of an object E) energy associated with the position or composition of an object Answer: A 28) Define kinetic energy. A) energy associated with the temperature of an object B) energy associated with the motion of an object C) energy associated with the force of an object D) energy associated with the gravity of an object E) energy associated with the position or composition of an object Answer: B 29) Define potential energy. A) energy associated with the temperature of an object B) energy associated with the motion of an object C) energy associated with the force of an object D) energy associated with the gravity of an object E) energy associated with the position or composition of an object Answer: E 30) All of the following are SI base units of measurement, EXCEPT A) meter B) gram C) second D) kelvin E) mole Answer: B 31) The outside temperature is 35°C, what is the temperature in K? A) -238 K B) 308 K C) 95 K D) 31 K E) 63 K Answer: B 32) Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder. A) 8.08 g/mL B) 1.38 g/mL C) 12.4 g/mL D) 18.1 g/mL E) 11.4 g/mL Answer: C 33) Determine the volume of an object that has a mass of 455.6 g and a density of 19.3 g/cm3. A) 87.9 mL B) 42.4 mL C) 18.5 mL D) 23.6 mL E) 31.2 mL Answer: D 34) A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 1.11 g/mL, 1.81 g/mL, 1.95 g/mL, 1.75 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 1.75 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A) Her results are precise, but not accurate. B) Her results are accurate, but not precise. C) Her results are both precise and accurate D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given. Answer: D 35) A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 1.71 g/mL, 1.73 g/mL, 1.67 g/mL, 1.69 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 1.40 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A) Her results are precise, but not accurate. B) Her results are accurate, but not precise. C) Her results are both precise and accurate D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given. Answer: A 36) A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 1.79 g/mL, 1.81 g/mL, 1.80 g/mL, 1.81 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 1.80 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A) Her results are precise, but not accurate. B) Her results are accurate, but not precise. C) Her results are both precise and accurate D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given. Answer: C 37) Systematic error is defined as A) error that tends to be too high or too low. B) error that has equal probability of being too high and too low. C) error that averages out with repeated trials. D) error that is random. Answer: A 38) Read the water level with the correct number of significant figures. A) 5 mL B) 5.3 mL C) 5.32 mL D) 5.320 mL E) 5.3200 mL Answer: B 39) Read the temperature with the correct number of significant figures. A) 87°C B) 87.2°C C) 87.20°C D) 87.200°C E) 87.2000°C Answer: C 40) Read the length of the metal bar with the correct number of significant figures. A) 20 cm B) 15 cm C) 15.0 cm D) 15.00 cm E) 15.000 cm Answer: C 41) Read the length of the metal bar with the correct number of significant figures. A) 20 cm B) 15 cm C) 15.0 cm D) 15.00 cm E) 15.000 cm Answer: D 42) Identify the exact number A) 2 B) 2.0 C) 2.00 D) 2.000 E) 2.0000 Answer: A 43) How many significant figures are in the measurement, 20.300 m? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 1 E) 2 Answer: C 44) What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (433.621 - 333.9) × 11.900 A) 1.19 × 103 B) 1.187 × 103 C) 1.1868 × 103 D) 1.18680 × 103 E) 1.186799 × 103 Answer: A 45) What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (249.362 + 41) / 63.498 A) 4.6 B) 4.57 C) 4.573 D) 4.5728 E) 4.57277 Answer: B Diff: 3 46) What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (965.43 × 3.911) + 9413.4136 A) 13189 B) 13189.2 C) 1.32 × 104 D) 1.3 × 104 E) 1.319 × 104 Answer: A Diff: 3 47) How many mm are in 3.20 cm? A) 3.20 × 10 1 mm B) 3.20 × 10 -1 mm C) 3.20 × 10 -2 mm D) 3.20 × 10 2 mm E) 3.20 × 10 3 mm Answer: A 48) If an object has a density of 8.65 g/cm3, what is its density in units of kg/m3? A) 8.65 × 10-3 kg/m3 B) 8.65 × 10-7 kg/m3 C) 8.65 × 103 kg/m3 D) 8.65 × 101 kg/m3 E) 8.65 × 10-1 kg/m3 Answer: C Diff: 3 49) If the walls in a room are 955 square feet in area, and a gallon of paint covers 15 square yards, how many gallons of paint are needed for the room? (3 ft = 1 yd) A) 47 gallons B) 21 gallons C) 7.1 gallons D) 24 gallons E) 2.3 gallons Answer: C Diff: 4 50) Gas is sold for $1.399 per liter in Toronto, Canada. Your car needs 12.00 gallons. How much will your credit card be charged in Canadian dollars? A) $16.79 B) $67.15 C) $4.44 D) $63.54 Answer: D Algorithmic Questions 1) In the blood, hemoglobin is the carrier of A) oxygen B) carbon monoxide C) nitrogen D) hydrogen E) helium Answer: A 2) Identify the crystalline solid. A) plastic B) glass C) table salt D) water E) bleach Answer: C 3) Choose the pure substance from the list below. A) tea B) a casserole C) carbon monoxide D) sugar water E) pomegranate juice Answer: C 4) A blueberry scone is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. Answer: C 5) Hydrochloric acid is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. Answer: D 6) Gold is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. Answer: B 7) Ammonia is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. Answer: A 8) Identify a solid. A) copper B) oxygen C) water D) helium E) air Answer: A 9) Identify a liquid. A) oxygen B) copper C) salt D) mercury E) sugar Answer: D 10) Choose the pure substance from the list below. A) sea water B) diamond C) air D) tea E) milk Answer: B 11) Choose the element from the list below. A) sodium chloride B) water C) hydrogen peroxide D) helium E) rust Answer: D 12) Choose the compound from the list below. A) gold B) butane C) neon D) helium E) lithium Answer: B 13) Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below. A) sports drink B) chlorine gas C) beer D) lasagna E) carbon (graphite) Answer: D 14) Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below. A) cola B) mud C) ice water D) dirt E) salsa Answer: A 15) Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below. A) carbonated soda B) air C) chocolate chip cookies D) trail mix E) blood Answer: B 16) Which of the following are examples of physical change? A) sugar is dissolved in water B) tea is brewed C) dry ice sublimes D) water freezes E) All of these are examples of physical change. Answer: E 17) Which of the following are examples of physical change? A) dew forms on a blade of grass B) a halloween light stick glows after shaking C) browning meat D) hydrogen balloon explodes when contacted with a flame E) None of the above are physical changes. Answer: A 18) Which of the following are examples of a chemical change? A) copper building materials develop a green patina over time B) a candle burns C) rubbing alcohol evaporates D) Both A and B are examples of chemical change. E) All of the above are examples of chemical change. Answer: D 19) Which of the following are examples of a chemical change? A) coffee brewing B) water freezing C) leaves turning color in the fall D) salt dissolves in water E) None of the above are chemical changes. Answer: C 20) Identify the unit of measurement which is a SI base unit of measurement. A) second B) Celsius C) quart D) ton E) kilometer Answer: A 21) Kilogram is a measure of A) mass B) time C) length D) temperature E) volume Answer: A 22) What symbol is used to represent the factor 103? A) M B) k C) ? D) n Answer: B 23) Which of the following is the smallest volume? A) 22 cm3 B) 0.50 dL C) 2.8 × 103 mL D) 5.0 × 107 nL Answer: A 24) What symbol is used to represent the factor 10-1? A) M B) m C) ? D) d Answer: D 25) The factor 10 corresponds to which prefix? A) centi B) deci C) deka D) milli Answer: C 26) The factor 10-3 corresponds to which prefix? A) deka B) deci C) milli D) centi Answer: C 27) What decimal power does the abbreviation f represent? A) 1 × 106 B) 1 × 103 C) 1 × 10-1 D) 1 × 10-15 E) 1 × 10-12 Answer: D 28) What decimal power does the abbreviation pico represent? A) 1 × 106 B) 1 × 109 C) 1 × 10-1 D) 1 × 10-12 E) 1 × 10-15 Answer: D 29) Which of the following are examples of intensive properties? A) density B) volume C) mass D) None of the above are examples of intensive properties. E) All of the above are examples of intensive properties. Answer: A 30) Which of the following are examples of extensive properties? A) mass B) color C) density D) temperature E) odor Answer: A 31) Identify the common substance that has the highest density. A) sugar B) ice C) glass D) mercury E) aluminum Answer: D 32) Identify the common substance that has the lowest density. A) ethanol B) aluminum C) titanium D) table salt E) sugar Answer: A 33) What is the volume (in cm3) of a 43.6 g piece of metal with a density of 2.71 g/cm3? A) 16.1 B) 19.5 C) .425 D) 6.65 E) none of the above Answer: A 34) A piece of metal ore weighs 8.25 g. When a student places it into a graduated cylinder containing water, the liquid level rises from 21.25 mL to 26.47 mL. What is the density of the ore? A) 0.312 g/mL B) 0.633 g/mL C) 1.58 g/mL D) 3.21 g/mL Answer: C 35) A mass of mercury occupies 0.950 L. What volume would an equal mass of ethanol occupy? The density of mercury is 13.546 g/mL and the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL. A) 0.0553 L B) 0.0613 L C) 16.3 L D) 18.1 L Answer: C 36) If the melting point of vanadium metal is 1910°C, what is its melting point in Kelvin? A) 1029 K B) 1637 K C) 2183 K D) 3470 K Answer: C Diff: 3 37) If the temperature is 128°F, what is the temperature in degrees celsius? A) 262.4°C B) 401°C C) 53.3°C D) -145°C E) 328°C Answer: C 38) If a solution has a temperature of 255 K, what is its temperature in degrees celsius? A) 491°C B) 528°C C) 123.9°C D) 355°C E) -18°C Answer: E 39) Determine the mass of an object that has a volume of 88.6 mL and a density of 9.77 g/mL. A) 98.37 g B) 0.110 g C) 9.07 g D) 78.8 g E) 866 g Answer: E 40) The outside air temperature is 40°F, what is the temperature in Kelvin? A) 313 K B) 377 K C) 281 K D) 277 K Answer: D Diff: 3 41) The outside temperature is 55°C, what is the temperature in °F? A) 131°F B) 12.8°F C) 23°F D) 77°F E) 99°F Answer: A Diff: 3 42) Which of the following is the lowest temperature? A) 42°C B) 57°F C) 318 K D) All of these temperatures are all equal. Answer: B Diff: 3 43) How many significant figures are in the measurement 5.34 g? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 3 E) 5 Answer: D 44) How many significant figures are in 0.00523980 mL? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7 Answer: D 45) How many significant figures are in 3.876 x 104 m? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: B 46) How many significant figures are in the measurement, 463.090 m? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: E 47) How many significant figures are in the measurement, 0.005890 g? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: A 48) The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. 11.5 × 8.78 = ________ Answer: 101 49) Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation: 0.00222755 A) 0.2228 × 10-2 B) 0.002228 C) 2.228 × 103 D) 2.228 × 10-3 E) 22.28 × 102 Answer: D 50) Which of the following numbers has the greatest number of significant figures? A) 0.5070 B) 0.201 C) 418000 D) 6.02 × 1024 Answer: A 51) How many of the following numbers contain 3 significant figures? 0.408 9.040 0.0400 9.05 × 1024 A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: C 52) How many significant figures are there in the answer to the following problem? (9.992 × 3.200) + 0.610 = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: C 53) How many significant figures are there in the answer for the following problem? 56.4 + 0.8822 + 21 = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: B 54) How many significant figures are there in the answer for the following problem? = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four Answer: B 55) An acetylene molecule contains 2 atoms of carbon. The number 2 represents how many significant figures? A) one B) two C) three D) infinite Answer: D 56) Round off 00907506 to four significant figures. A) 0091 B) 9076 C) 9100 D) 9.075 × 105 Answer: D 57) The width, length, and height of a large, custom-made shipping crate are 1.22 m, 3.22 m, and 0.83 m, respectively. The volume of the box using the correct number of significant figures is ________ m3. A) 3.26057 B) 3.3 C) 3.26 D) 3.261 E) 3.2606 Answer: B 58) The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. (1815 - 1806) × (9.11 × 7.92) = ________ Answer: 600 Diff: 4 59) Without using a calculator, solve the following problem: A) 1 × 10-4 B) 1 × 105 C) 1 × 1023 D) 1 × 1032 Answer: C 60) Without using a calculator, solve the following problem: A) 1 × 106 B) 1 × 100 C) 1 × 10-12 D) 1 × 10-18 Answer: C 61) Which of the following is the greatest mass? A) 1000 ?g B) 1.000 × 10-4 kg C) 1.000 × 10-4 cg D) 1.000 × 10-8 Mg Answer: B 62) The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg. What is the mass of a proton in picograms? A) 1.67 × 10-18 pg B) 1.67 × 10-15 pg C) 1.67 × 10-12 pg D) 1.67 × 10-9 pg Answer: C 63) The mass of a single zinc atom is 1.086 × 10-22 g. This is the same mass as A) 1.086 × 10-16 mg. B) 1.086 × 10-25 kg. C) 1.086 × 10-28 ?g. D) 1.086 × 10-31 ng. Answer: B 64) A student weighed 30.00 ?g of sulfur in the lab. This is the same mass as A) 3.000 × 10-8 g. B) 3.000 × 10-5 kg. C) 3.000 × 10-5 mg. D) 3.000 × 104 ng. Answer: D 65) Convert 2 ?m to meters. A) 2 × 10-9 m B) 2 × 10-6 m C) 2 × 10-3 m D) 2 × 106 m Answer: B 66) The average distance between nitrogen and oxygen atoms is 115 pm in a compound called nitric oxide. What is this distance in millimeters? A) 1.15 × 10-8 mm B) 1.15 × 10-7 mm C) 1.15 × 1013 mm D) 1.15 × 1017 mm Answer: B 67) The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 × 10-10 m. What is the diameter in millimeters? A) 1 × 10-16 mm B) 1 × 10-13 mm C) 1 × 10-7 mm D) 1 × 10-4 mm Answer: C 68) Which of the following volumes is equal to 40 mL? A) 40 cm3 B) 40 dm3 C) 0.40 L D) 0.00040 kL Answer: A 69) Convert 10 cm3 to m3. A) 1 × 10-5 m3 B) 1 × 10-1 m3 C) 1 × 103 m3 D) 1 × 107 m3 Answer: A 70) Convert 35 m3 to liters. A) 3.5 × 10-2 L B) 3.5 L C) 3.5 × 102 L D) 3.5 × 104 L Answer: D 71) What wavelength of light would you report in units of nm, if the light had a wavelength of 9.90 x 10-10 m? A) 9.90 × 10-3 nm B) 9.90 × 10-19 nm C) 9.90 nm D) 0.990 nm E) 990 nm Answer: D 72) How many mg does a 690 kg sample contain? A) 6.90 × 10-4 mg B) 6.90 × 107 mg C) 6.90 × 10-3 mg D) 6.90 × 106 mg E) 6.90 × 108 mg Answer: E 73) How many kL does a 8.55 × 108 cL sample contain? A) 8.55 × 103 kL B) 8.55 × 1013 kL C) 8.55 × 104 kL D) 8.55 × 1012 kL E) 8.55 × 102 kL Answer: A 74) How many cm3 are contained in 3.77 × 104 mm3? A) 3.77 × 104 cm3 B) 3.77 × 101 cm3 C) 3.77 × 10-10 cm3 D) 3.77 × 1020 cm3 E) 3.77 × 106 cm3 Answer: B 75) How many mL are in 7.59 L? A) 7.59 × 10-3 mL B) 7.59 × 101 mL C) 7.59 × 103 mL D) 7.59 × 10-1 mL E) 7.59 × 102 mL Answer: C 76) 38.325 lb = ________ grams. (1 lb = 454 g) Answer: 17400 Diff: 4 77) If 1.4% of the mass of a human body is calcium, how many kilograms of calcium are there in a 165-pound man? A) 1.0 kg Ca B) 5.1 kg Ca C) 1.0 × 102 kg Ca D) 5.1 × 102 kg Answer: A 78) A fishing boat accidentally spills 3.0 barrels of diesel oil into the ocean. Each barrel contains 42 gallons. If the oil film on the ocean is 2.5 × 102 nm thick, how many square meters will the oil slick cover? A) 1.9 × 10-3 m2 B) 1.9 × 106 m2 C) 1.9 × 107 m2 D) none of these Answer: B 79) Because of the high heat and low humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a visitor requires about one quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. Calculate the approximate number of liters required for a person to walk 10. kilometers in Death Valley. A) 2.9 L B) 12 L C) 30 L D) 47 L Answer: A 80) The estimated costs for remodelling the interior of an apartment are: three 1-gallon cans of paint at $13.22 each, two paint brushes at $9.53 each, and $135 for a helper. The total estimated cost with the appropriate significant figures is $________. A) 193.72 B) 1.9 × 102 C) 194 D) 2 × 102 E) 193.7 Answer: C 81) How many liters of wine can be held in a wine barrel whose capacity is 22.0 gal? 1 gal = 4 qt = 3.7854 L. A) 1.72 × 10-4 B) 0.172 C) 83.3 D) 5.81 × 103 E) 5.81 Answer: C 82) The recommended adult dose of Elixophyllin, a drug used to treat asthma, is 6.00 mg/kg of body mass. Calculate the dose in milligrams for a 115-lb person. 1 lb = 453.59 g. A) 24 B) 1,521 C) 1.5 D) 313 E) 3.1 × 105 Answer: D 83) The density of air under ordinary conditions at 25°C is 1.19 g/L. How many kilograms of air are in a room that measures 11.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has an 10.0 ft ceiling? 1 in. = 2.54 cm (exactly); 1 L = 103 cm3 A) 3.66 B) 0.152 C) 4.08 × 104 D) 0.0962 E) 40.8 Answer: E 84) How many liters of air are in a room that measures 10.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has an 8.00 ft ceiling? 1 in. = 2.54 cm (exactly); 1 L = 103 cm3 A) 2.49 × 104 B) 92.8 C) 26.8 D) 2.68 × E) 8.84 × 105 Answer: A 85) A recipe requires 1.66 liters of milk for a soup base. How many quarts are needed? A) 1.57 qts B) 1.75 qts C) 1.66 qts D) 3.65 qts E) 0.754 qts Answer: B 86) If a room requires 25.4 square yards of carpeting, what is the area of the floor in units of ft2? (3 ft = 1 yd) A) 76.2 ft2 B) 8.47 ft2 C) 152.4 ft2 D) 229 ft2 E) 64.5 ft2 Answer: D Diff: 3 87) A person is 68.00 inches tall. How tall is she in cm? A) 172.7 cm B) 26.77 cm C) 27.20 cm D) 204.0 cm E) 136.0 cm Answer: A Diff: 3 88) A person weighs 77.1 kg. What is his weight in pounds? A) 154 pounds B) 170 pounds C) 35.0 pounds D) 30.8 pounds E) 193 pounds Answer: B Diff: 3 89) A person is 2.000 yards tall. How tall is he in cm? A) 182.9 cm B) 28.35 cm C) 0.1411 cm D) 5.080 cm E) 15.24 cm Answer: A Diff: 3 90) An alligator is 152.4 cm long. How long is he in feet? A) 5.00 feet B) 60.0 ft C) 12.7 ft D) 32.2 ft E) 720.0 ft Answer: A Diff: 3 91) How many cm are in 23.2 ft? A) 9.14 cm B) 278 cm C) 58.9 cm D) 707 cm E) 0.761 cm Answer: D Diff: 3 Matching Questions Match the following. A) 10-1 B) 10-2 C) 10-9 D) 106 E) 10-6 F) 103 G) 10-3 1) kilo Diff: 1 2) centi Diff: 1 3) milli 4) nano 5) micro 6) deci 7) mega Answers: 1) F 2) B 3) G 4) C 5) E 6) A 7) D Short Answer Questions 1) Define an atom. Answer: An atom is the submicroscopic particle that constitutes the fundamental building block of ordinary matter. 2) Define matter. Answer: Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. 3) A sample of liquid isopropyl alcohol is placed in a sealed container. Some of the volatile isopropyl alcohol vaporizes. Does the mass of the sealed container and its contents change during the vaporization? Explain. Answer: No. The vaporized isopropyl alcohol is just in a different physical state. It still has mass and therefore the gas plus the remaining liquid and container have the same total mass after the vaporization of some of the isopropyl alcohol. 4) What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property? Give an example of each. Answer: A physical property is something that can be observed without changing the chemical identity of the substance, such as color or scent. A chemical property can only be observed while the chemical identity of a substance is changing, such as sodium metals tendency to react with water to form hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. 5) Define energy. Answer: Energy is the capacity to do work. 6) Define the law of the conservation of energy. Answer: Energy is neither created or destroyed. 7) A flash drive contains 4 gigabytes. How many bytes does it contain? Answer: 4,000,000,000 bytes or 4,292,967,296 bytes, if someone is computer literate 8) Describe the difference between an intensive and extensive property using examples. Answer: An intensive property does NOT depend on the amount of the substance present, such as color or density. An extensive property is one that does depend on the amount of the substance, such as mass or volume. 9) What happens to the density of a sample of iron metal as it is heated from room temperature to 100°C? (This is below the melting point of iron.) Answer: Since the mass of the iron stays constant, but the volume increases as the temperature is raised, the density of the iron decreases upon heating. 10) What does it mean to be an exact number? Give an example of an exact number. Answer: An exact number has an infinite number of significant figures even though we typically don't write many of them out. If there are 26 people in a classroom, there are exactly 26.00000.... people in that room. There is no possibility of a half person, so this is an exact whole number with no ambiguity. 11) Define random error. Answer: Random error has an equal probability of being too high or too low.