Introduction to Chemistry-2

Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking Introduction to Chemistry 1) What is the term for the pseudoscience that attempted to discover a universal cure for disease and a magic elixir for immortality? A) alchemy B) biochemistry C) inorganic chemistry D) organic chemistry E) none of the above Answer: A 2) What is the term for the study of chemical substances derived from plants and animals? A) biochemistry B) green chemistry C) inorganic chemistry D) organic chemistry E) none of the above Answer: A 3) What is the term for the study of the composition and properties of matter? A) alchemy B) biochemistry C) chemistry D) science E) none of the above Answer: C 4) What is the term for the procedure of collecting data and recording observations under controlled conditions? A) alchemy B) chemistry C) experiment D) science E) none of the above Answer: C 5) What is the term for the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous chemical substances? A) biochemistry B) green chemistry C) inorganic chemistry D) organic chemistry E) none of the above Answer: B 6) What is the term for a tentative proposal of a scientific principle that attempts to explain the meaning of a set of data collected in an experiment? A) estimation B) hypothesis C) natural law D) theory E) none of the above Answer: B 7) What is the term for the study of chemical substances that do not contain the element carbon? A) biochemistry B) green chemistry C) inorganic chemistry D) organic chemistry E) none of the above Answer: C 8) What is the term for an extensively tested proposal of a scientific principle that states a measurable relationship at different conditions? A) experiment B) hypothesis C) natural law D) theory E) none of the above Answer: C 9) What is the term for the study of chemical substances that contain the element carbon? A) biochemistry B) green chemistry C) inorganic chemistry D) organic chemistry E) none of the above Answer: D 10) What is the term for the methodical exploration of nature and the logical explanation of the observations? A) alchemy B) chemistry C) experiment D) science E) none of the above Answer: D 11) What is the term for an investigation that entails performing an experiment, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating a theory or law? A) alchemy B) chemistry C) science D) scientific method E) none of the above Answer: D 12) What is the term for an extensively tested proposal of a scientific principle that explains the behavior of nature? A) experiment B) hypothesis C) natural law D) theory E) none of the above Answer: D Questions for Chapter 1 1) What two forces were responsible for bringing the natural world into existence according to the beliefs of the ancient Chinese? A) male and female B) positive and negative C) shiva and vishnu D) yin and yang E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 2) What four elements composed everything in nature according to the beliefs of the ancient Greeks? A) air, earth, fire, and water B) air, earth, salt, and water C) air, ashes, fire, and water D) smoke, earth, fire, and water E) none of the above Answer: B Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 3) Which of the following was a basic element in nature according to Aristotle? A) ashes B) ether C) salt D) smoke E) none of the above Answer: B Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 4) Who is generally considered the founder of the scientific method? A) Aristotle B) Robert Boyle C) John Dalton D) Antoine Lavoisier E) none of the above Answer: B Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 5) What book helped establish the scientific method by arguing that theories are no better than the experiments on which they are based? A) Elementary Treatise on Chemistry B) Methods of Chemical Research C) Scientific Investigations of Gases D) The Sceptical Chymist E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 6) Which of the following is a basic step in the scientific method? A) perform an experiment and collect data B) analyze experimental data and propose a hypothesis C) test a hypothesis and state a theory or law D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 7) What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory? A) A hypothesis is a tentative proposal and a theory is a tested proposal. B) A theory is a tentative proposal and a hypothesis is a tested proposal. C) A hypothesis requires an experiment and a theory does not. D) A theory requires an experiment and a hypothesis does not. E) none of the above Answer: A Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 8) What is the difference between a scientific theory and a natural law? A) A theory is a tentative proposal and a law is a tested proposal. B) A law is a tentative proposal and a theory is a tested proposal. C) A theory explains behavior and a law states a measurable relationship. D) A law explains behavior and a theory states a measurable relationship. E) none of the above Answer: C Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 9) What question can we ask in order to distinguish between a theory and a law? A) Does the statement concern atoms? B) Does the statement concern gases? C) Is the statement comprehensible? D) Is the statement measurable? E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 10) Which of the following statements is a scientific theory? A) Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. B) Equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules. C) The energy of two gas molecules is the same before and after a collision. D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 11) Which of the following statements is a natural law? A) The mass of substances, before and after a chemical change, is the same. B) If the volume of a gas doubles, the pressure decreases by a factor of two. C) The energy derived from a change in mass is found by E = mc2. D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.1 Evolution of Chemistry 12) Who is generally considered the founder of modern chemistry? A) Aristotle B) Robert Boyle C) John Dalton D) Antoine Lavoisier E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 13) Which of the following is a branch of chemistry? A) biochemistry B) inorganic chemistry C) organic chemistry D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 14) Which of the following is a branch of chemistry? A) analytical chemistry B) environmental chemistry C) physical chemistry D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 15) In which of the following industries does chemistry play an important role? A) agriculture B) medicine C) petrochemical D) pharmaceutical E) all of the above Answer: E Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 16) In which of the following industries does chemistry play an important role? A) construction B) electronics C) paper D) transportation E) all of the above Answer: E Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 17) Petrochemicals are derived from which of the following of resources? A) atmosphere B) petroleum C) seawater D) trees E) none of the above Answer: B Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 18) Which of the following is derived from a petrochemical? A) a fuel B) a paint C) a pesticide D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 19) Which of the following is derived from a petrochemical? A) detergents B) dyes C) plastics D) textiles E) all of the above Answer: E Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 20) Which of the following professions requires a knowledge of chemistry? A) dentist B) nurse C) pharmacist D) sports trainer E) all of the above Answer: E Section: 1.2 Modern Chemistry 21) In a survey by the American Chemical Society, how did entering college students rate chemistry in their daily lives? A) highly relevant B) moderately relevant C) somewhat relevant D) rarely relevant E) irrelevant Answer: A Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 22) In a survey by the American Chemical Society, what percentage of entering college students thought that chemistry is a difficult subject? A) 1% B) 5% C) 10% D) 83% E) 100% Answer: D Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 23) Is it possible to observe one visual image and have two different perceptions? A) yes B) It is only possible if the image is large. C) It is only possible if the image is in color. D) It is only possible if the image is in black and white. E) no Answer: A Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 24) Why would a student at first find a problem impossible to solve when later the solution is obvious? A) The student did not have biology. B) The student did not have chemistry. C) The student did not have physics. D) The student had an unconscious assumption. E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 25) What is the unconscious assumption that prevents connecting the following nine dots with four straight, continuous lines? A) A line cannot be longer than 1 inch. B) A line cannot be drawn at a 45° angle. C) A line cannot be drawn at a 90° angle. D) A line cannot be drawn past a dot. E) none of the above Answer: D Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 26) Which of the following is a positive association with the study of chemistry? A) Chemistry is relevant to our daily lives. B) Chemistry offers career opportunities. C) Chemistry has biomedical applications. D) Chemistry benefits society. E) all of the above Answer: E Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 27) Which of the following is a positive association with the practice of chemistry? A) Chemistry experiments may be fun. B) Chemistry experiments may cause injury. C) Chemistry experiments may be foul smelling. D) Chemistry experiments may produce toxic waste. E) none of the above Answer: A Section: 1.3 Learning Chemistry 28) What subject is referred to as the central science? A) biology B) chemistry C) geology D) physics E) none of the above Answer: B Section: General Exercises 29) What subject is said to be at the crossroads of biology, physics, and geology? A) biochemistry B) chemistry C) environmental chemistry D) geochemistry E) none of the above Answer: B Section: General Exercises 30) What is the minimum number of straight, continuous lines that are necessary to connect the following nine dots? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: A Section: General Exercises Chemistry Connection "Worth Your Salt?" 1) "Worth your salt" refers to people who earn which of the following? A) high wages B) low wages C) respect D) salt rations E) none of the above Answer: C 2) "Salt money" paid to laborers in Roman times gives rise to what modern term? A) salary B) salt of the earth C) salt rations D) solarium E) none of the above Answer: A 3) What are the sources of ordinary table salt? A) mining rock salt B) dissolving salt beds C) evaporating salt water D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: D 4) Table salt contains which of the following for proper thyroid function? A) potassium bromide B) potassium chloride C) potassium iodide D) potassium oxide E) all of the above Answer: C Chemistry Conncection "A Student Success Story" 1) Which element was rare and valuable until 1886 when an inexpensive way of producing the metal from its mineral ore was discovered? A) aluminum B) copper C) nickel D) silicon E) none of the above Answer: A 2) Who was the American chemistry student that discovered an inexpensive method for producing aluminum metal from its ore? A) Frederick Alum B) Thomas Edison C) Charles Goodyear D) Charles Hall E) none of the above Answer: D 3) Who was the French chemist that discovered an inexpensive method for producing aluminum metal from its ore? A) Frederick Alum B) Jacques Charles C) Paul Héroult D) Antoine Lavoisier E) none of the above Answer: C