Ch07 Ancient Rome

CHAPTER 7 Ancient Rome Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Republican Roman art depicted a. realistic subjects b. portraits c. celebration of age and character d. All these answers are correct. Answer: d 2. Which was NOT part of the Roman Empire in the first century A.D.? a. Gaul b. Britain c. Egypt d. Nubia e. Judaea Answer: d 3. Greek art was championed during the reign of a. Caesar in the Roman Republic. b. Augustus, the emperor. c. Pliny the Elder. d. Constantine. Answer: b 4. Virgil wrote the Aeneid for a. Julius Caesar. b. Augustus. c. Trajan. d. Constantine. e. Caracalla. Answer: b 5. Which of the following is NOT associated with the founding of Rome? a. Venus b. Aeneas c. Romulus d. Remus e. Virgil Answer: e 6. The Goths were a. Gauls. b. Dacians. c. Germans. d. Trojans. e. Greeks. Answer: c 7. Roman concrete was a mixture of a. water, tufa, travertine, and rubble. b. water, mortar, gravel, and rubble. c. stucco, plaster, water, mortar, and rubble. d. tufa, rubble, gravel, and mortar. Answer: b 8. Which was NOT a Roman architectural type? a. the private house b. the round temple c. the peripteral temple d. the circus e. the Colosseum Answer: c 9. Pompeii was destroyed a. in A.D. 79. b. in the first century B.C. c. under Nero. d. in A.D. 121. Answer: a 10. Pompeiian wall paintings of the Second Style are characterized by a. scenes like theater sets. b. painted inlaid stone. c. pictures showing paintings on the wall. d. illusionistic landscapes. Answer: d 11. Which of the following was NOT built under Trajan? a. Timgad b. Dacia c. markets d. a forum e. basilica Answer: b 12. Nero, as described by Suetonius, exemplifies a. political know-how. b. generosity. c. grandiosity. d. military strategy. Answer: c 13. Hadrian was especially influenced by a. Egyptian religion. b. Greek styles. c. Virgil’s Aeneid. d. Homer’s Iliad. e. Marcus Aurelius. Answer: b 14. The Golden House belonged to a. Suetonius. b. Caracalla. c. Constantine. d. Nero. e. Trajan. Answer: d 15. Which of the following is the best pairing? a. Virgil and Odysseus b. Ovid and the Metamorphoses c. Trajan and the Meditations d. Marcus Aurelius and the Commentarii Answer: b 16. The first known Roman forum dates from a. the 6th century B.C. b. the reign of Julius Caesar. c. the 1st century A.D. d. the reign of Augustus. Answer: a 17. The Ides of March is a. when Roman emperors are killed. b. the middle of the month. c. the birthday of the Roman emperor. d. the end of the month. e. the beginning of the month. Answer: b 18. Which was LEAST likely to be in a forum? a. temples b. libraries c. markets d. baths e. basilicas Answer: d 19. Two streets intersecting at right angles in ancient Roman cities were the a. castra and cardo. b. insula and decumanus. c. castra and decumanus. d. cardo and decumanus. Answer: d 20. The Pont du Gard at Nîmes was a. an aqueduct. b. a temple. c. a bridge. d. both a bridge and an aqueduct. Answer: d 21. Which of the following was NOT a use of the Roman basilica? a. commerce b. worship c. law courts d. administration Answer: b 22. In contrast to Greek temples, Roman temples usually were a. set on tall podiums. b. approached from a single side. c. pseudoperipteral. d. All these answers are correct. Answer: d 23. Which best describes the architectural features of the basilica? a. aisles, apses, nave, clerestory windows b. aisles, nave, clerestory windows, impluvium c. apses, nave, impluvium, aisles d. atrium, nave, apse, clerestory windows Answer: a 24. Which is LEAST likely to have been a feature of the Roman bath? a. a museum b. a tepidarium c. a swimming pool d. a ball court e. a market Answer: e 25. The columns of the Colosseum were arranged in the following order from the first to the third level: a. Doric, Corinthian, Ionic. b. Ionic, Doric, Corinthian. c. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian. d. Corinthian, Ionic, Doric. e. Corinthian, Doric, Ionic. Answer: c 26. The most impressive Roman buildings were faced with a. marble. b. tufa. c. concrete. d. terra-cotta. Answer: a 27. The Roman circus was used primarily for a. animal performances. b. libraries. c. gladiatorial contests. d. horse races. e. chariot races. Answer: e 28. The Colosseum was constructed during the reign of a. Nero. b. Trajan. c. Vespasian. d. Constantine. e. Caracalla. Answer: c 29. The Roman Colosseum was built around a core of a. concrete. b. brick. c. sandstone. d. iron. Answer: a 30. Which is true of Roman temples? a. They are peripteral. b. They have a front and a back porch. c. They have a double cella. d. They are pseudoperipteral. Answer: d 31. Which is NOT a feature of the Pantheon? a. an oculus b. a rectangular cella c. a rotunda d. a portico e. a curved entablature Answer: b 32. An oculus is a. the opening at the center of a dome. b. a mystical doorway in a temple. c. the portholes in a Roman galley. d. the window in the wall above the main level of a temple, which lets light in. Answer: a 33. Coffering a. helped expand interior space. b. lightened the weight of a dome or arch. c. enhanced the illusion of recession in the ceiling. d. both lightened the weight of a dome or arch, and enhanced the illusion of a recession in the ceiling. Answer: d 34. The Pantheon included a. barrel vaults and groin vaults. b. a central dome. c. an eight-sided room. d. All these answers are correct. Answer: d 35. Which is NOT a commemorative monument? a. Trajan’s Column b. the Arch of Titus c. the Ara Pacis d. Colosseum e. the Pantheon Answer: d 36. The Ara Pacis was constructed under a. Augustus. b. Julius Caesar. c. Trajan. d. Nero. e. Constantine. Answer: a 37. Trajan’s most famous monument was a. the Baths of Trajan. b. an Arch of Trajan. c. the Ara Pacis of Trajan. d. Trajan’s Column. Answer: d 38. The Column of Trajan is uniquely Roman because of a. its enormous height. b. its narrative frieze. c. its setting. d. its material. Answer: b 39. The reliefs of Trajan’s Column differ from Classical Greek reliefs in the a. use of a spiral frieze. b. realistic rather than idealized battle scene. c. emphasis on historical facts. d. All these answers are correct. Answer: d 40. Which is NOT a feature of Roman triumphal arches? a. relief sculptures b. an attic c. inscriptions d. the Composite Order e. a portico Answer: e 41. Which is NOT correct? a. Juno is the wife of Jupiter. b. Vulcan is the son of Juno. c. Diana is the daughter of Juno. d. Minerva is the daughter of Jupiter. e. Mercury is the god of speed. Answer: c 42. The Jewish Wars were chronicled by a. Josephus. b. Virgil. c. Suetonius. d. Julius Caesar. e. Ovid. Answer: a 43. Trajan’s purpose in declaring war on the Dacians was to obtain their a. territory. b. women. c. gold. d. works of sculpture. e. weapons. Answer: c 44. Which was NOT a Roman funerary practice? a. the use of cinerary urns b. the necropolis c. the sarcophagus d. burial in graves Answer: b 45. Apotheosis refers to a. deification. b. abdication. c. ascending to power. d. election to office. Answer: a 46. Marcus Aurelius was a. an emperor and poet. b. an emperor and Stoic philosopher. c. a poet and Platonic philosopher. d. Hadrian’s lover. e. an equestrian monument. Answer: b 47. The figures from the frieze of the Villa of the Mysteries are thought to depict an initiation into a. the cult of Artemis. b. Christianity. c. the cult of Bacchus. d. the cult of Isis and Osiris. Answer: c 48. Which is NOT true of the Villa of the Mysteries frescoes? a. They represent an initiation rite. b. They have erotic elements. c. They have a red background. d. The figures are naturalistic. e. They include details of landscape. Answer: e 49. The entry court of a Roman house was called the a. aquarium. b. atrium. c. bacterium. d. oculus. Answer: b 50. In the scene from the Odyssey Landscapes illustrated in this chapter, a. cannibals are depicted. b. Laestrygonians are depicted helping Odysseus’s men. c. there is no landscape detail. d. people are hunting animals. Answer: a 51. Young Woman with a Stylus is an example of a. a relief. b. a marble bust. c. a tondo. d. a second style fresco. Answer: c 52. Hercules is the son of a. Juno and Jupiter. b. Alkmene and Amphitryon. c. Juno and Amphitryon. d. Jupiter and Alkmene. Answer: d 53. Which is NOT a characteristic of Roman frescoes? a. They are fresco secco. b. They are often found in private houses. c. They are naturalistic. d. They contain shading, cast shadows, and oblique viewpoints. e. They contain the illusion of three-dimensional space. Answer: a 54. Faiyum painting was produced in a. Greece. b. Egypt. c. Rome. d. Nubia. e. Carthage. Answer: b 55. The portrait incorporated into the mummy case of Artemidoros a. is an ancestor portrait. b. is a fresco. c. is in encaustic. d. is a portrait bust. Answer: c 56. The Punic Wars were fought between a. Rome and Carthage. b. Rome and Greece. c. Rome and Phoenicia. d. Rome and Etruria. Answer: a 57. Dido was a. the deserted wife of Aeneas. b. the queen of Carthage. c. the queen of Faiyum. d. the heroine of Petrarch’s Africa. Answer: b 58. The Tophet refers to a. a Punic shrine. b. a temple. c. a site of child sacrifice. d. a site of ritual suicide. Answer: c 59. What action did Diocletian take in an attempt to restore order to the Roman Empire? a. move the imperial residence to Constantinople b. legalize Christianity c. liberalize Roman citizenship requirements d. establishe the tetrarchy Answer: d Key Works Atrium and peristyle, House of the Silver Wedding, Pompeii, early 1st century A.D. Insula, Ostia, reconstruction, 2nd century View from the west of the ruins of Timgad, Algeria, early 2nd century Piranesi, The Great Baths, Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, from Views of Rome, 1770 Canopus, Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, A.D. 123–135 Reconstruction of the forums, Rome, c. A.D. 46–117 Reconstruction cross section of the interior of the Basilica Ulpia The remains of Trajan’s markets as seen from the west Aerial view of the ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome, A.D. c. 211–217 The Colosseum, Rome, A.D. 72–80 Pont du Gard, near Nîmes, France, late 1st century B.C. Temple of Portunus, Rome, late 2nd century B.C. Temple of the Sibyl, Tivoli, early 1st century B.C. Exterior view of the Pantheon, Rome, A.D. 117–125 Giovanni Paolo Panini, The Interior of the Pantheon, c. 1740 West side of the Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace), Rome, 13–9 B.C. South side of the Ara Pacis, showing a detail of an imperial procession Ara Pacis, detail of a child tugging at an adult’s toga Trajan’s Column, Trajan’s Forum, Rome, dedicated A.D. 113 The five lowest bands of Trajan’s Column Dacian vase in the shape of a human head, 4th century Dacian helmet, 4th century Arch of Titus, Rome, A.D. 81 Relief from the Arch of Titus, detail showing the spoils of the temple of Jerusalem carried in a triumphal procession Arch of Constantine, Rome, c. A.D. 313 Medallions (Hadrianic A.D. 117–138) and frieze (Constantinian, early 4th century) from the Arch of Constantine, Rome Bacchus and the Four Seasons (the so-called Badminton Sarcophagus), c. A.D. 220 Bust of Julius Caesar, Tusculum, mid-1st century B.C. Bust of Trajan, 1st half of 2nd century A.D. Patrician with Two Ancestor Busts, A.D. c. 13 Portrait of a young Flavian lady, A.D. c. 90 Portrait of an older Flavian lady, A.D. c. 90 Augustus of Prima Porta, early 1st century A.D. F Tetrarchs, c. 300, Porphyry, Saint Mark’s, Venice Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, A.D. 164–166 Monumental head of Constantine, Basilica of Constantine, Rome, A.D. 313 Caracalla, first half of the 3rd century Unknown Barbarian (Parthian?), Augustan period View of the frescoes at the Villa of the Mysteries, near Pompeii, c. 65–50 B.C. First style mosaic, Period of the Republic, Villa of Cicero, Pompeii Fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries, south wall Dancing Satyr, fresco from the Villa of the Mysteries Odysseus Being Attacked by the Laestrygonians, Esquiline Hill, Rome, c. 50–40 B.C. Young Woman with a Stylus, Pompeii, 1st century A.D. Columns and pediment with pavilion, villa at Boscotrecase, near Pompeii, 11 B.C. Perspectival view of a villa, House of Marcus Lucretius, Pompeii Still Life of Silver Objects, from the tomb of Vestorius Priscus, Pompeii, A.D. 75–76 Hercules Strangling the Serpents, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, A.D. 63–79 View of Hercules Strangling the Serpents in situ, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, A.D. 63–79 Mummy case of Artemidoros, Faiyum, A.D. 100 – 200 Aeneas Fleeing Troy, altar relief from Byrsa Hill, Carthage, Tunisia, early 1st century A.D. View of the Tophet, Carthage Neo-Punic stele with inscription and sign of Tanit, Teboursouk, Tunisia, 1st century B.C.–1st century A.D. “Baby bottle,” vessel from a Punic tomb, 4th–3rd century B.C. Mausoleum, Dougga, Tunisia, 2nd century B.C. Maps, Diagrams, and Projections Map of the Roman Empire, A.D. 14–284 Arches, domes, and vaults Plan of the House of the Faun, Pompeii, 2nd century B.C. Plan of Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, A.D. 118–138 Plan of the Roman and Imperial forums, Rome Apollodorus of Damascus, plan of the Basilica Ulpia, Forum of Trajan, A.D. 98–117 Isometric drawing of the remains of Trajan’s markets Plan of the Baths of Caracalla, Rome, A.D. 211–217 Restoration drawing of the Baths of Caracalla Reconstructed cutaway section of the Colosseum, Rome Plan of the circus at Leptis Magna, Libya, early 3rd century Plan of the Temple of Portunus Plan of the Temple of the Sibyl Plan and section of the Pantheon Reconstruction of the Pantheon with a cutaway of the dome Key Terms aisle amphitheater annular or ring vault apse aqueduct arcade arena atrium attic axis basilica barrel vault, tunnel vault bust buttress castrum, castra cella centering circus coffer, coffering concrete dome dressed stone forum groin vault, cross-vault highlight insula keystone nave oculus peripteral pier podium portico rotunda rustication Serapaeum spandrel spolia springing stylus tessera, tesserae tondo tracery travertine vault, vaulting villa voussoir Window on the World The Indus Valley Civilization and Developments in South Asia to the 3rd century A.D. Key Works Square stamp seal showing a zebu, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley, c. 2300–1750 B.C. Square stamp seal showing a yogi, Indus Valley civilization, c. 2500–1500 B.C. Bearded Man, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley, c. 2000 B.C. (three views) Dancing Girl, Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley Civilization, c. 2300–1750 B.C. (front and back) Nude Male Torso, Harappa, Indus Valley, c. 2000 B.C. (three views) Birth of the Buddha, Gandhara, India, 2nd–3rd century Dream of Queen Maya, Madhya Pradesh, India, Shunga period, 2nd century B.C. Lion capital, Ashokan pillar, Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, India, Maurya period, mid-3rd century B.C. Bull capital, Ashokan pillar from Rampurva, Bihar, India, Maurya period, 3rd century B.C. Great Stupa at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India, Shunga and Andhra periods, 3rd century B.C. North torana at Sanchi, Shunga and early Andhra periods, 1st century B.C. Yaksh?, from the east torana at Sanchi, Sunga and early Andhra periods, 1st century B.C. Standing Buddha, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period, 2nd–3rd century Seated Buddha, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period, 2nd century Model of stupa from Loriyan Tangai, Gandhara, Afghanistan or Pakistan, Kushan period, 2nd century Seated Buddha, from the Katra Mound, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kushan period, early 2nd century Maps, Diagrams, and Projections Map of South Asia Map of the Buddhist world Plan and elevation of the Great Stupa at Sanchi Key Terms abacus abhaya anda aniconic bodhisattva chattra chaur? dhy?na harmik? mudr? prana stupas torana tribhanga ushn?sha vedik?