Cell Biology

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients. You discover that the patient has

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients. You discover that the patient has

You are investigating a clinical disorder in one of your patients. You discover that the patient has an autoimmune disease that targets and destroys fibroblasts. This disorder would most likely affect 
A) fiber production by the cells, as

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A type of adhesive junction that is associated with the connection between an epithelial cell and th

A type of adhesive junction that is associated with the connection between an epithelial cell and th

A type of adhesive junction that is associated with the connection between an epithelial cell and the basal lamella is the 
A) hemidesmosome. 
B) desmosome. 
C) gap junction. 
D) plasmodesmata. 

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Base sequence variations between individuals that result from point mutations are called

Base sequence variations between individuals that result from point mutations are called

Base sequence variations between individuals that result from point mutations are called 
A) polymorphs. 
B) small nuclear polymorphisms. 
C) deletions. 
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms. 
E) r

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DNA isolated from cow liver cells contains 28% A; what percent will be C?

DNA isolated from cow liver cells contains 28% A; what percent will be C?

DNA isolated from cow liver cells contains 28% A; what percent will be C? 
A) 14% 
B) 22% 
C) 28% 
D) 36% 
E) 56%

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Circular DNA molecules found in nature (such as bacterial, viral, or mitochondrial DNA) are

Circular DNA molecules found in nature (such as bacterial, viral, or mitochondrial DNA) are

Circular DNA molecules found in nature (such as bacterial, viral, or mitochondrial DNA) are
A) positively supercoiled.
B) negatively supercoiled.
C) not supercoiled, due to their small size.
D) always oriented in a triple helix t

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The normal gene for hemoglobin was isolated, cloned, and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion w

The normal gene for hemoglobin was isolated, cloned, and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion w

The normal gene for hemoglobin was isolated, cloned, and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion with BamHI. Following gel electrophoresis, three bands are routinely obtained. However, following the same procedure with the hemoglobin gene from an i

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In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing, incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing, incorporation of the nucleotides stops because

In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing, incorporation of the nucleotides stops because 
A) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 3'-OH group to continue DNA synthesis. 
B) the dideoxynucleotide analogs have no 5'-OH gr

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Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic chromosomes

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic chromosomes

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of DNA packaging in eukaryotic chromosomes? 
A) nucleosome → chromatin fiber → looped domains → heterochromatin 
B) nucleosome → looped domains → chromatin fiber → hetero

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The nuclear membrane functions as a

The nuclear membrane functions as a

The nuclear membrane functions as a 
A) means of separating nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents. 
B) means of localization of the chromosomes within the cell. 
C) selective barrier, allowing certain substances in or

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Which of the following terms is used to indicate the entire set of RNA molecules that can be made by

Which of the following terms is used to indicate the entire set of RNA molecules that can be made by

Which of the following terms is used to indicate the entire set of RNA molecules that can be made by a cell?
A) transcriptomes
B) genomes
C) proteomes
D) desmosomes
E) total RNA

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With which organelle membrane would you expect to find the receptor protein importin?

With which organelle membrane would you expect to find the receptor protein importin?

With which organelle membrane would you expect to find the receptor protein importin?
A) mitochondrion
B) nucleolus
C) chloroplast
D) plastid
E) nucleus

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Which of the following proteins is observed exclusively in association with eukaryotic DNA replicati

Which of the following proteins is observed exclusively in association with eukaryotic DNA replicati

Which of the following proteins is observed exclusively in association with eukaryotic DNA replication? 
A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA gyrase 
C) single-strand binding proteins 
D) DNA ligase 
E) t

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Cyclins modulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by

Cyclins modulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by

Cyclins modulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by 
A) directly activating G proteins. 
B) inducing synthesis of constitutively active forms of growth cell receptors. 
C) activating protein kinases th

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A particular strain of yeast produces strains with a mutant cdc2 gene, resulting in little to no pro

A particular strain of yeast produces strains with a mutant cdc2 gene, resulting in little to no pro

A particular strain of yeast produces strains with a mutant cdc2 gene, resulting in little to no production of the Cdc2 protein kinase. As a result, one would expect that these cells would 
A) not enter M phase. 
B) not have the

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Which of the following eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicates mitochondrial DNA?

Which of the following eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicates mitochondrial DNA?

Which of the following eukaryotic DNA polymerases replicates mitochondrial DNA?
A) alpha
B) beta
C) delta
D) epsilon
E) gamma

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During the G2 checkpoint in eukaryotic cells, the cell is assessed with regard to

During the G2 checkpoint in eukaryotic cells, the cell is assessed with regard to

During the G2 checkpoint in eukaryotic cells, the cell is assessed with regard to 
A) DNA replication. 
B) chromosome attachment to the spindle. 
C) nutrients. 
D) DNA damage. 
E) presence of gro

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The proteins most actively synthesized during the S phase of the cell cycle are

The proteins most actively synthesized during the S phase of the cell cycle are

The proteins most actively synthesized during the S phase of the cell cycle are 
A) DNA polymerases. 
B) rRNA proteins. 
C) histones. 
D) single-strand binding proteins. 
E) cyclins.

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Mice lacking the ability to make caspase-9 die as the result of numerous defects. During the necrops

Mice lacking the ability to make caspase-9 die as the result of numerous defects. During the necrops

Mice lacking the ability to make caspase-9 die as the result of numerous defects. During the necropsy (animal autopsy) of the animal you note that the brains of these mice are
A) unregulated growth of the nerve cells.
B) lack of apoptosis o

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In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not

In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not

In eukaryotic cells, we sometimes find reverse transcriptase activity, even though the cells are not infected with virus. This activity can be attributed to 
A) the presence of transposons integrating into polymerase genes. 
B)

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You are examining an enzyme associated with mannose catabolism. As such, you would expect the protei

You are examining an enzyme associated with mannose catabolism. As such, you would expect the protei

You are examining an enzyme associated with mannose catabolism. As such, you would expect the protein to be
A) degraded.
B) a hormone.
C) induced by mannose.
D) expressed only during development.
E) expressed only in neurons.

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In working with a potentially new antibiotic, you are attempting to determine where in prokaryotic t

In working with a potentially new antibiotic, you are attempting to determine where in prokaryotic t

In working with a potentially new antibiotic, you are attempting to determine where in prokaryotic translation this antibiotic has its effect. You have determined thus far that it interacts with a translational factor but need to identify which one.

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Release factors of translation recognize the codon

Release factors of translation recognize the codon

Release factors of translation recognize the codon 
A) AUG. 
B) GUA. 
C) UGA. 
D) GGA. 
E) UUU.

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Which of the following rRNA molecules is not associated with the large subunit of the eukaryotic rib

Which of the following rRNA molecules is not associated with the large subunit of the eukaryotic rib

Which of the following rRNA molecules is not associated with the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome?
A) 28S
B) 5.8S
C) 5S
D) 16S
E) Neither B nor D is associated.

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Ribosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation mo

Ribosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation mo

Ribosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation most probably 
A) are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins. 
B) have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the surf

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Which of the following nucleotides in the anticodon can allow for "wobble" in translation?

Which of the following nucleotides in the anticodon can allow for "wobble" in translation?

Which of the following nucleotides in the anticodon can allow for "wobble" in translation?
A) uracil
B) thymine
C) guanine
D) inosine
E) carboxycytosine

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You are examining an enzyme associated with glycolysis. As such, you would expect

You are examining an enzyme associated with glycolysis. As such, you would expect

You are examining an enzyme associated with glycolysis. As such, you would expect 
A) the protein to be a hormone. 
B) the protein to be induced by glucose. 
C) the protein to be constitutively expressed. 

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The main chromosome of a bacterial cell possesses the following genotype with regard to the lac oper

The main chromosome of a bacterial cell possesses the following genotype with regard to the lac oper

The main chromosome of a bacterial cell possesses the following genotype with regard to the lac operon: I-O+Z+Y-A-. This bacterial cell would 
A) make LacZ in the presence of lactose. 
B) make LacZ independently of lactose. 

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Sigma (σ) factors can regulate the initiation of transcription. Which of the following is not an exa

Sigma (σ) factors can regulate the initiation of transcription. Which of the following is not an exa

Sigma (σ) factors can regulate the initiation of transcription. Which of the following is not an example of σ regulation? 
A) Some σ factors recognize promoters for genes whose products are necessary when the organism is under stress, such

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The trp operon in E. coli is regulated in such a manner as to allow expression of the genes only whe

The trp operon in E. coli is regulated in such a manner as to allow expression of the genes only whe

The trp operon in E. coli is regulated in such a manner as to allow expression of the genes only when cellular levels of tryptophan are low. When tryptophan levels are adequate, the secondary structure of the mRNA halts translation. This form of regu

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You are studying a biochemical pathway. Preliminary results suggest that this pathway is subject to

You are studying a biochemical pathway. Preliminary results suggest that this pathway is subject to

You are studying a biochemical pathway. Preliminary results suggest that this pathway is subject to end-product repression. This pathway is therefore most likely to be a(n) ________ pathway. 
A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 

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Which of the following is not a structural motif associated with transcriptional regulation?

Which of the following is not a structural motif associated with transcriptional regulation?

Which of the following is not a structural motif associated with transcriptional regulation?
A) combinatorial model
B) helix-turn-helix
C) zinc finger
D) leucine zipper
E) helix-loop-helix

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A transcriptional regulator that decreases transcription of a gene from a vast distance is known as

A transcriptional regulator that decreases transcription of a gene from a vast distance is known as

A transcriptional regulator that decreases transcription of a gene from a vast distance is known as a(n) 
A) enhancer. 
B) upstream control element. 
C) regulator. 
D) nonsense mutation. 
E) sile

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Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?

Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?

Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?
A) White light is utilized.
B) Light passes through the object being examined.
C) Phase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield microscopy.
D) Specimens are always

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Which of the following is true of fluorescence microscopy?

Which of the following is true of fluorescence microscopy?

Which of the following is true of fluorescence microscopy?
A) Fluorescent light is emitted throughout the specimen being viewed.
B) Fluorescence microscopy is best at viewing rounded, thicker specimens.
C) Fluorescence microscopy is us

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is especially suited to

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is especially suited to

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is especially suited to
A) observe living specimens.
B) examine internal cellular structure.
C) create a sense of depth.
D) both choices A and C
E) choices A, B, and C

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You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells. The best way to obtain this sample w

You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells. The best way to obtain this sample w

You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells. The best way to obtain this sample would be
A) centrifugation.
B) chromatography.
C) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
D) agarose gel electrophoresis.
E) both

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Which of the following scientists revolutionized biology by demonstrating that living organisms were

Which of the following scientists revolutionized biology by demonstrating that living organisms were

Which of the following scientists revolutionized biology by demonstrating that living organisms were also governed by the laws of physics and chemistry by synthesizing urea in the laboratory from ammonium cyanate?
A) Wöhler
B) van Leeuwenho

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Jacques Monod and François Jacob deduced the mechanism responsible for the regulation of bacterial g

Jacques Monod and François Jacob deduced the mechanism responsible for the regulation of bacterial g

Jacques Monod and François Jacob deduced the mechanism responsible for the regulation of bacterial gene expression. They are, therefore, responsible for launching the era of
A) the scientific method.
B) molecular genetics.
C) biochemis

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The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell b

The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell b

The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell by
A) identification of cellular structures.
B) identification of cellular biochemical pathways.
C) demonstration of bioinformatics.

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All of the following biochemical techniques have allowed us to understand cell structure and functio

All of the following biochemical techniques have allowed us to understand cell structure and functio

All of the following biochemical techniques have allowed us to understand cell structure and function except
A) light microscopy.
B) ultracentrifugation.
C) chromatography.
D) electrophoresis.
E) mass spectrometry.

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