Legal Studies

The terminology of “conference” in the YCJA, while not directive of any specific kind of restorative

The terminology of “conference” in the YCJA, while not directive of any specific kind of restorative

The terminology of “conference” in the YCJA, while not directive of any specific kind of restorative justice process, is reflective of the well-known practice of:
a.   Victims awareness groups.
b.   Community groups.
c.   Youth Justice Commi

Miller   119   3 Replies

Richy271

While restorative justice programs offer a new means of dealing with offending behaviour and are par

While restorative justice programs offer a new means of dealing with offending behaviour and are par

While restorative justice programs offer a new means of dealing with offending behaviour and are particularly suited for youth, there are some concerns with respect to the fate of victims in these processes.  Describe these concerns.

Miller   145   3 Replies

Richy271

How does the Youth Criminal Justice Act incorporate aspects of restorative justice ideals in its pro

How does the Youth Criminal Justice Act incorporate aspects of restorative justice ideals in its pro

How does the Youth Criminal Justice Act incorporate aspects of restorative justice ideals in its provisions?

Miller   273   3 Replies

Richy271

Which legislation for youth is concerned with the “best interests” of the child?f.Juvenile Delinquen

Which legislation for youth is concerned with the “best interests” of the child?f.Juvenile Delinquen

Which legislation for youth is concerned with the “best interests” of the child?
f.   Juvenile Delinquents Act
g.   Young Offenders Act
h.   Youth Criminal Justice Act
i.   Child and Family Services Act.
j.   All of the above

Miller   123   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following types of intervention is the most costly to the government?

Which of the following types of intervention is the most costly to the government?

Which of the following types of intervention is the most costly to the government?
   a. Probation
   b. Open custody
   c. Secure custody
   d. Community based programs
   e. Multi-systemic therapy

Miller   82   3 Replies

Richy271

The majority of custodial sentences for the period of 2000-2001 were for:a.Two yearsb.One yearc.6 mo

The majority of custodial sentences for the period of 2000-2001 were for:a.Two yearsb.One yearc.6 mo

The majority of custodial sentences for the period of 2000-2001 were for:
a.   Two years
b.   One year
c.   6 months
d.   55 days
e.   30 days

Miller   90   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following statements is true regarding changes occurring between 1992-1993 and 2002-200

Which of the following statements is true regarding changes occurring between 1992-1993 and 2002-200

Which of the following statements is true regarding changes occurring between 1992-1993 and 2002-2003?
a. The proportion of cases sentenced to custody decreased slightly and the average sentence length increased.
b. The proportion of cases

Miller   112   3 Replies

Richy271

The lowest rates of secure custody can be found in which province?

The lowest rates of secure custody can be found in which province?

The lowest rates of secure custody can be found in which province?
   a. Alberta
   b. Nova Scotia
   c. Quebec
   d. British Columbia
   e. Alberta

Miller   112   3 Replies

Richy271

The lowest rates of open custody can be found in which province?

The lowest rates of open custody can be found in which province?

The lowest rates of open custody can be found in which province?
   a. Alberta
   b. Nova Scotia
   c. Quebec
   d. British Columbia
   e. Alberta

Miller   118   3 Replies

Richy271

Prior to the mid nineteenth century, the first effects at dealing with young persons by the developi

Prior to the mid nineteenth century, the first effects at dealing with young persons by the developi

Prior to the mid nineteenth century, the first effects at dealing with young persons by the developing societies in the colonies involved:
   a. Treating them similarly to adults.
   b. Treating them differently than adults.
   c. Separating

Miller   80   3 Replies

Richy271

Which 19th century Commission examined the conditions in the penitentiary and fostered the developme

Which 19th century Commission examined the conditions in the penitentiary and fostered the developme

Which 19th century Commission examined the conditions in the penitentiary and fostered the development of separate institutions for juveniles?
   a. Black
   b. Brown
   c. Marshall
   d. Kaufman
   e. Morin

Miller   92   3 Replies

Richy271

The first reformatory appeared when?

The first reformatory appeared when?

The first reformatory appeared when?
   a. 1828
   b. 1838
   c. 1848
   d. 1858
   e. 1868

Miller   89   3 Replies

Richy271

While initially reserved for youth convicted of crimes, _________________ youths were later housed i

While initially reserved for youth convicted of crimes, _________________ youths were later housed i

While initially reserved for youth convicted of crimes, _________________ youths were later housed in reformatories and all children were treated in the same fashion.
   a. female
   b. incorrigible
   c. homeless
   d. immigrant
   e.

Miller   115   3 Replies

Richy271

As an alternative to reformatories, _____________________ were residential facilities where children

As an alternative to reformatories, _____________________ were residential facilities where children

As an alternative to reformatories, _____________________ were residential facilities where children could be committed for as long as proper for their “teaching and training”.
   a. Detention centres
   b. Boot camps
   c. Industrial school

Miller   119   3 Replies

Richy271

For some individuals, ___________________ were viewed as little more than prisons, where youth would

For some individuals, ___________________ were viewed as little more than prisons, where youth would

For some individuals, ___________________ were viewed as little more than prisons, where youth would be exposed to other delinquent youth and further criminalized.
   a. Detention centres
   b. Reformatories
   c. Industrial schools
   d.

Miller   95   3 Replies

Richy271

Under which law was the sole response to youthful offending concern for the young person’s welfare a

Under which law was the sole response to youthful offending concern for the young person’s welfare a

Under which law was the sole response to youthful offending concern for the young person’s welfare and rehabilitation?
   a. Juvenile Delinquents Act
   b. Young Offenders Act
   c. Youth Criminal Justice Act
   d. Child and Family Servic

Miller   131   3 Replies

Richy271

The welfare orientation of the JDA is consistent with the English common law principle of :a. parens

The welfare orientation of the JDA is consistent with the English common law principle of :a. parens

The welfare orientation of the JDA is consistent with the English common law principle of :
   a. parens patraie
   b. de minimus non curat lex
   c. inter alia
   d. quid pro quo
   e. None of the above

Miller   188   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Juvenile Delinquents Act?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Juvenile Delinquents Act?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Juvenile Delinquents Act?
a.   Judges were guided by what they perceived to be the “best interests” of the child.
b.   The primary emphasis was on treatment, with minimal attention to acco

Miller   190   3 Replies

Richy271

In spite of the fact that the Young Offenders Act had strong rehabilitative focus, shortly following

In spite of the fact that the Young Offenders Act had strong rehabilitative focus, shortly following

In spite of the fact that the Young Offenders Act had strong rehabilitative focus, shortly following implementation:
a.   Large numbers of youth received community-based sentences.
b.   Small numbers of youth received community-based sentences.

Miller   145   3 Replies

Richy271

Sentencing considerations under the YOA were premised on the need to:a.Impose a determinate, fixed-l

Sentencing considerations under the YOA were premised on the need to:a.Impose a determinate, fixed-l

Sentencing considerations under the YOA were premised on the need to:
a.   Impose a determinate, fixed-length sentence.
b.   Impose a sentence based on the seriousness of the offence.
c.   Impose a sentence based on the offender’s past histo

Miller   163   3 Replies

Richy271

Which section of the YOA is thought to embody the conflicting philosophies of both justice and welfa

Which section of the YOA is thought to embody the conflicting philosophies of both justice and welfa

Which section of the YOA is thought to embody the conflicting philosophies of both justice and welfare, inherent to this law?
a.   Determinate sentencing.
b.   Alternative Measures.
c.   Consent to Treatment Order.
d.   Transfer to Adult

Miller   106   3 Replies

Richy271

Which sentence under the Youth Criminal Justice Act is reserved for those youth aged 12-17, who have

Which sentence under the Youth Criminal Justice Act is reserved for those youth aged 12-17, who have

Which sentence under the Youth Criminal Justice Act is reserved for those youth aged 12-17, who have committed a presumptive offence and are suffering from a mental illness or disorder, a psychological disorder or an emotional disturbance?
a.   Cu

Miller   178   3 Replies

Richy271

Which sentence under the YCJA is considered to be a community-based alternative to custody?

Which sentence under the YCJA is considered to be a community-based alternative to custody?

Which sentence under the YCJA is considered to be a community-based alternative to custody?
a.   Intensive Support and Supervision Order.
b.   Intensive Rehabilitative Custody and Supervision Order.
c.   Deferred Custody and Supervision Orde

Miller   118   3 Replies

Richy271

Which researcher published an article on correctional treatment in the 1970s, where he concluded tha

Which researcher published an article on correctional treatment in the 1970s, where he concluded tha

Which researcher published an article on correctional treatment in the 1970s, where he concluded that basically “nothing works”?
a.   Marx
b.   Martinson
c.   Bala
d.   Antonowicz
e.   Feld

Miller   159   3 Replies

Richy271

The process that involves analyzing the results of a series of similarly based studies through codin

The process that involves analyzing the results of a series of similarly based studies through codin

The process that involves analyzing the results of a series of similarly based studies through coding each study on a number of variables and combining and re-analyzing the data is:
a.   Regression analysis
b.   Statistical analysis
c.   Met

Miller   133   3 Replies

Richy271

A more radical perspective would view rehabilitation as:

A more radical perspective would view rehabilitation as:

A more radical perspective would view rehabilitation as:
a.   A means of treatment and support.
b.   A means of control and discrimination.
c.   A means of helping youth past their troubles.
d.   A means of furthering institutional goals.

Miller   157   3 Replies

Richy271

The need for an assessment prior to sentencing is based on the notion that a ________________ must h

The need for an assessment prior to sentencing is based on the notion that a ________________ must h

The need for an assessment prior to sentencing is based on the notion that a ________________ must have adequate information on which to base decisions.
a.   Probation officer
b.   Crown Attorney
c.   Defense lawyer
d.   Youth court judge

Miller   143   3 Replies

Richy271

By law, all youth must receive formal education until they are what age?

By law, all youth must receive formal education until they are what age?

By law, all youth must receive formal education until they are what age?
a.   12 yrs
b.   13 yrs
c.   14 yrs
d.   15 yrs
e.   16 yrs

Miller   107   3 Replies

Richy271

Which intervention involves teaching youth how to better structure their free time to include positi

Which intervention involves teaching youth how to better structure their free time to include positi

Which intervention involves teaching youth how to better structure their free time to include positive leisure pursuits that foster healthier lifestyle choices?
a.   Cognitive behavioural interventions
b.   Aggression replacement training

Miller   106   3 Replies

Richy271

In Aggression Replacement Training, in which order are the following skills taught?

In Aggression Replacement Training, in which order are the following skills taught?

In Aggression Replacement Training, in which order are the following skills taught?
a.   Skillstreaming, anger control techniques, moral reasoning.
b.   Moral reasoning, anger control techniques, skillstreaming.
c.   Anger control techniques

Miller   180   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following interventions is a from of secure custody under the YCJA and is a politically

Which of the following interventions is a from of secure custody under the YCJA and is a politically

Which of the following interventions is a from of secure custody under the YCJA and is a politically popular response to youth crime in the United States?
a.   Aggression Replacement Training.
b.   Substance Abuse Programs.
c.   Cognitive Be

Miller   120   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following interventions adopts a perspective that criminal conduct has multiple causes

Which of the following interventions adopts a perspective that criminal conduct has multiple causes

Which of the following interventions adopts a perspective that criminal conduct has multiple causes and interventions must address these many sources to be effective?
a.   Aggression Replacement Training.
b.   Substance Abuse Programs.
c.   

Miller   139   3 Replies

Richy271

Multi-systemic therapy is aimed at which type of offenders?

Multi-systemic therapy is aimed at which type of offenders?

Multi-systemic therapy is aimed at which type of offenders?
a.   Minor
b.   First time
c.   Aboriginal
d.   Chronic
e.   Younger

Miller   124   3 Replies

Richy271

Which type of intervention discussed in the chapter involves the victim directly in the process?

Which type of intervention discussed in the chapter involves the victim directly in the process?

Which type of intervention discussed in the chapter involves the victim directly in the process?
a.   Aggression Replacement Training.
b.   Substance Abuse Programs.
c.   Cognitive Behavioural Interventions.
d.   Restorative Justice Progr

Miller   197   3 Replies

Richy271

Cognitive Behavioural interventions are loosely based on which theory?

Cognitive Behavioural interventions are loosely based on which theory?

Cognitive Behavioural interventions are loosely based on which theory?
a.   Psychodynamic theory
b.   Social learning theory
c.   Differential opportunity theory
d.   Labelling theory
e.   Culture and learning theory

Miller   152   3 Replies

Richy271

__________________ youth are clearly over-represented in every stage of processing of the criminal j

__________________ youth are clearly over-represented in every stage of processing of the criminal j

__________________ youth are clearly over-represented in every stage of processing of the criminal justice system.
a.   Black
b.   Asian
c.   Aboriginal
d.   Caucasian
e.   White

Miller   134   3 Replies

Richy271

Which of the following is an indicator of the lack of efficacy surrounding rehabilitative interventi

Which of the following is an indicator of the lack of efficacy surrounding rehabilitative interventi

Which of the following is an indicator of the lack of efficacy surrounding rehabilitative interventions?
a.   Numbers of youth who abscond
b.   Recidivism rates
c.   Age of youth at discharge
d.   Age of youth at entrance
e.   Gender d

Miller   108   3 Replies

Richy271

Which sentence, under the YCJA requires that a youth attend a non-residential community program, tha

Which sentence, under the YCJA requires that a youth attend a non-residential community program, tha

Which sentence, under the YCJA requires that a youth attend a non-residential community program, that offers education or counselling at the times and terms fixed by the court?
a.   Intensive Support and Supervision Order.
b.   Attendance Centr

Miller   114   3 Replies

Richy271

How did the Young Offenders Act deal with those young persons in need of psychiatric treatment? How

How did the Young Offenders Act deal with those young persons in need of psychiatric treatment? How

How did the Young Offenders Act deal with those young persons in need of psychiatric treatment?  How does Youth Criminal Justice Act deal with them?

Miller   143   3 Replies

Richy271

How do issues of culture, race and gender impact on how rehabilitation programs are offered?

How do issues of culture, race and gender impact on how rehabilitation programs are offered?

How do issues of culture, race and gender impact on how rehabilitation programs are offered?

Miller   108   3 Replies

Richy271