Psychology

Exposure to intense light early in the morning following an east-bound flight

Exposure to intense light early in the morning following an east-bound flight

Exposure to intense light early in the morning following an east-bound flight
A) accelerates adaptation to the phase advance. 
B) accelerates adaptation to the phase delay. 
C) slows adaptation to the phase advance. 

Skip91   231   1 Reply

poker.face

Companies that employ shift workers have improved productivity and job satisfaction by

Companies that employ shift workers have improved productivity and job satisfaction by

Companies that employ shift workers have improved productivity and job satisfaction by
A) scheduling only phase advances.
B) scheduling only phase delays.
C) accelerating the zeitgebers.
D) desynchronizing the zeitgebers.

Skip91   393   1 Reply

poker.face

There is good evidence that the internal circadian clock is located in the

There is good evidence that the internal circadian clock is located in the

There is good evidence that the internal circadian clock is located in the
A) suprachiasmatic nuclei.
B) raphé nuclei.
D). basal forebrain.
E) optic nerves.C) caudal reticular formation.

Skip91   507   1 Reply

poker.face

Bilateral lesions of the __________ selectively disrupt circadian cycles.

Bilateral lesions of the __________ selectively disrupt circadian cycles.

Bilateral lesions of the __________  selectively disrupt circadian cycles.
A) suprachiasmatic nuclei
B) lateral hypothalamus
C) lateral preoptic area
D) reticular activating system
E) subfornical organ

Skip91   677   1 Reply

poker.face

The entrainment of circadian rhythms by visual zeitgebers is mediated by

The entrainment of circadian rhythms by visual zeitgebers is mediated by

The entrainment of circadian rhythms by visual zeitgebers is mediated by
A) part of the optic nerve.
B) the retinohypothalamic tract.
C) a rare type of retinal ganglion cell.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

Skip91   345   1 Reply

poker.face

The diurnal light-dark cycle entrains the sleep-wake cycle via the

The diurnal light-dark cycle entrains the sleep-wake cycle via the

The diurnal light-dark cycle entrains the sleep-wake cycle via the
A) REM-sleep circuits.
B) cortex.
C) retinohypothalamic tracts.
D) caudal brain stem.
E) reticular formation.

Skip91   410   1 Reply

poker.face

Bilateral transection of the nerve indicated by the arrow

Bilateral transection of the nerve indicated by the arrow

Bilateral transection of the nerve indicated by the arrow
A) severed the corpus callosum.
B) damaged the fornix.
C) eliminated all circadian rhythms.
D) eliminated the ability of light to entrain circadian rhythms.
E) elimina

Skip91   366   1 Reply

poker.face

There is more than one circadian clock. Early evidence for this was that bilateral lesions of the

There is more than one circadian clock. Early evidence for this was that bilateral lesions of the

There is more than one circadian clock. Early evidence for this was that bilateral lesions of the
A) suprachiasmatic nuclei abolish all circadian rhythms.
B) suprachiasmatic nuclei do not abolish circadian rhythms.
C) raphé nucleus

Skip91   368   1 Reply

poker.face

The first circadian gene to be discovered in mammals was

The first circadian gene to be discovered in mammals was

The first circadian gene to be discovered in mammals was
A) clock.
B) alarm.
C) circa.
D) tau.
E) invert.

Skip91   499   1 Reply

poker.face

The first mammalian circadian gene to have its structure characterized was

The first mammalian circadian gene to have its structure characterized was

The first mammalian circadian gene to have its structure characterized was
A) tau.
B) clock.
C) alarm.
D) circa.
E) circada.

Skip91   336   1 Reply

poker.face

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in
A) mice.
B) sunflowers.
C) dogs.
D) humans.
E) monkeys.

Skip91   456   1 Reply

poker.face

Cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei display circadian cycles of

Cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei display circadian cycles of

Cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei display circadian cycles of
A) gene expression.
B) osmosis.
C) sleep.
D) degeneration.
E) regeneration.

Skip91   340   1 Reply

poker.face

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the __________ promotes wakefulness

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the __________ promotes wakefulness

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the __________ promotes wakefulness
A) posterior hypothalamus
B) preoptic area
C) basal forebrain
D) both A and B
E) both B and C

Skip91   533   1 Reply

poker.face

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the
A) the anterior hypothalamus promotes sleep.
B) posterior hypothalamus promotes wakefulness.
C) basal forebrain promotes REM sleep.
D) basal forebrain inhibits REM sleep.

Skip91   278   1 Reply

poker.face

Studies of __________ provided early evidence that the anterior hypothalamus is involved in sleep. A

Studies of __________ provided early evidence that the anterior hypothalamus is involved in sleep. A

Studies of __________ provided early evidence that the anterior hypothalamus is involved in sleep.
A) insomnia
B) narcolepsy
C) encephalitis lethargica
D) catalepsy
E) multiple sclerosis

Skip91   352   1 Reply

poker.face

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of
A) almost continuous SWS.
B) almost continuous REM sleep.
C) alternating periods of SWS and REM sleep.
D) alternating periods of sleep and wakefulness.
E) the arous

Skip91   196   1 Reply

poker.face

The EEG of a cerveau isolé is desynchronized only during

The EEG of a cerveau isolé is desynchronized only during

The EEG of a cerveau isolé is desynchronized only during
A) sleep.
B) wakefulness.
C) intense visual or olfactory stimuli.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

Skip91   341   1 Reply

poker.face

Desynchronized EEG is (Multiple Choice)

Desynchronized EEG is (Multiple Choice)

Desynchronized EEG is
A) low amplitude, high frequency.
B) low frequency.
C) high amplitude.
D) high amplitude, high frequency.
E) both B and C

Skip91   278   1 Reply

poker.face

The encephale isolé preparation is produced by transecting the

The encephale isolé preparation is produced by transecting the

The encephale isolé preparation is produced by transecting the
A) brain stem just rostral to the superior colliculus.
B) caudal brain stem.
C) brain stem between the colliculi.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C

Skip91   396   1 Reply

poker.face

The EEG of the encephale isolé preparation is almost continuously

The EEG of the encephale isolé preparation is almost continuously

The EEG of the encephale isolé preparation is almost continuously
A) low-amplitude, high-frequency.
B) low-amplitude, low-frequency.
C) high-amplitude, low-frequency.
D) high-amplitude, high-frequency.
E) none of the abo

Skip91   269   1 Reply

poker.face

Partial transections of the brain stem at the collicular level did not disrupt the normal sleep-wake

Partial transections of the brain stem at the collicular level did not disrupt the normal sleep-wake

Partial transections of the brain stem at the collicular level did not disrupt the normal sleep-wake cycle of cortical EEG unless the transections included the
A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) substantia nigra.
D) reticular

Skip91   251   1 Reply

poker.face

Electrical stimulation of the __________ awakens sleeping cats.

Electrical stimulation of the __________ awakens sleeping cats.

Electrical stimulation of the __________ awakens sleeping cats.
A) anterior hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) diencephalon
D) reticular formation
E) basal forebrain

Skip91   532   1 Reply

poker.face

Because REM sleep is similar to wakefulness in several respects, it makes sense that REM sleep circu

Because REM sleep is similar to wakefulness in several respects, it makes sense that REM sleep circu

Because REM sleep is similar to wakefulness in several respects, it makes sense that REM sleep circuits are controlled by a structure involved in maintaining wakefulness: the
A) thalamus.
B) basal forebrain.
C) reticular activating

Skip91   440   1 Reply

poker.face

The various phenomena of REM sleep appear to be controlled by circuits scattered throughout the

The various phenomena of REM sleep appear to be controlled by circuits scattered throughout the

The various phenomena of REM sleep appear to be controlled by circuits scattered throughout the
A) basal forebrain.
B) posterior hypothalamus.
C) caudal reticular formation.
D) midbrain.
E) colliculi.

Skip91   471   1 Reply

poker.face

After several nights of REM-sleep deprivation, penile erections often

After several nights of REM-sleep deprivation, penile erections often

After several nights of REM-sleep deprivation, penile erections often
A) do not occur during sleep.
B) become difficult to achieve during wakefulness.
C) begin to occur during SWS.
D) make it difficult to get back to sleep.

Skip91   473   1 Reply

poker.face

There are three classes of drugs that influence sleep: hypnotics, antihypnotics, and a third class t

There are three classes of drugs that influence sleep: hypnotics, antihypnotics, and a third class t

There are three classes of drugs that influence sleep: hypnotics, antihypnotics, and a third class that
A) is derived from benzodiazepines.
B) includes melatonin.
C) comprises drugs that influence the circadian rhythmicity of sleep w

Skip91   650   1 Reply

poker.face

Which of the following are commonly prescribed as hypnotics?

Which of the following are commonly prescribed as hypnotics?

Which of the following are commonly prescribed as hypnotics?
A) barbiturates
B) tricyclic antidepressants
C) benzodiazepines
D) serotonin antagonists
E) melatonin

Skip91   349   1 Reply

poker.face

Which of the following is a problem with the long-term use of benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?

Which of the following is a problem with the long-term use of benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?

Which of the following is a problem with the long-term use of benzodiazepines to treat insomnia?
A) tolerance
B) reduction of life expectancy
C) distortion of normal sleep
D) next-day drowsiness.
E) all of the above

Skip91   325   1 Reply

poker.face

Injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan,

Injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan,

Injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan,
A) reverse the insomnia produced in cats or rats by the serotonin antagonist PCPA.
B) reverse the sleep increases produced in mice by PCPA.
C) are effective in the treatmen

Skip91   311   1 Reply

poker.face

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) Drugs that increase the activity of catecholamine neurotransmitters are hypnotics.
B) Cocaine, amphetamine, and tricyclic antidepressants are antihypnotic drugs.
C) Antihypnotics

Skip91   534   1 Reply

poker.face

Melatonin is released by the

Melatonin is released by the

Melatonin is released by the
A) pinel gland.
B) pineal gland.
C) penile gland.
D) adrenal medulla.
E) hypothalamus.

Skip91   324   1 Reply

poker.face

Melatonin is synthesized from (Multiple Choice)

Melatonin is synthesized from (Multiple Choice)

Melatonin is synthesized from
A) serotonin.
B) acetylcholine.
C) glutamate.
D) GABA.
E) dopamine.

Skip91   261   1 Reply

poker.face

A condition in which a person's sleep is repeatedly disrupted by the inability to breath is called A

A condition in which a person's sleep is repeatedly disrupted by the inability to breath is called A

A condition in which a person's sleep is repeatedly disrupted by the inability to breath is called
A) narcolepsy.
B) iatrogenic.
C) sleep apnea.
D) SIDS.
E) cataplexy.

Skip91   308   1 Reply

poker.face

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the
A) corpus callosum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) amygdala.
E) hippocampus.

Skip91   326   1 Reply

poker.face

Illustrated here is the location of the

Illustrated here is the location of the

Illustrated here is the location of the
A) pineal gland.
B) pituitary gland.
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus.
D) posterior thalamus.
E) uvula.

Skip91   231   1 Reply

poker.face

The melatonin taken orally as medication is

The melatonin taken orally as medication is

The melatonin taken orally as medication is
A) synthesized from dopamine.
B) exogenous.
C) endogenous.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C

Skip91   385   1 Reply

poker.face

In view of the evidence, the widespread practice of taking melatonin to promote sleep is

In view of the evidence, the widespread practice of taking melatonin to promote sleep is

In view of the evidence, the widespread practice of taking melatonin to promote sleep is
A) dangerous and should be stopped.
B) definitely a waste of time.
C) likely to be of no more than minor benefit.
D) almost certain to ha

Skip91   473   1 Reply

poker.face

Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a

Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a

Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a 
A) stimulant.
B) chronobiotic.
C) catecholamine.
D) neurotransmitter.
E) both C and D

Skip91   663   1 Reply

poker.face

Melatonin appears to be particularly effective in treating

Melatonin appears to be particularly effective in treating

Melatonin appears to be particularly effective in treating
A) insomnia that results from a melatonin deficiency.
B) hypersomnia.
C) insomnia that results from the failure of light to serve as a zeitgeber in blind patients.
D)

Skip91   665   1 Reply

poker.face

Disorders of excessive sleep or sleepiness are classified as

Disorders of excessive sleep or sleepiness are classified as

Disorders of excessive sleep or sleepiness are classified as
A) insomnia.
B) hypersomnia.
C) iatrogenic.
D) hyposomnia.
E) REM-sleep disorders.

Skip91   243   1 Reply

poker.face