Zoology and Botany

6 years ago

Bacteria and Archaea are most easily distinguished from each other by their:

Bacteria and Archaea are most easily distinguished from each other by their
A) chromosome structure.
B) habitat.
C) transcription and translation mechanism.
D) reproduction method.

dracko 73 1 Reply

6 years ago

Consider the following data: (a) Most ancient eukaryotes are unicellular. (b) All eukaryotes alive ...

Consider the following data: (a) Most ancient eukaryotes are unicellular. (b) All eukaryotes alive today have a nucleus and cytoskeleton. (c) Most ancient eukaryotes lack a cell wall. Which of the following conclusions could reasonably follow the dat

ceybe 111 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?

Which of the following statements best describes the term synapomorphy?
A) A trait that is shared by more than one monophyletic group.
B) A trait common in a single monophyletic group, but not generally found outside of that group.
C)

dracko 147 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why do hummingbirds emigrate from this population of scarlet gilia?

Why do hummingbirds emigrate from this population of scarlet gilia?
A) The flowers probably change their nectar production.
B) The flowers change from red to white, and the hummingbirds can't see them.
C) It gets darker on the mou

ceybe 49 1 Reply

6 years ago

Looking at Figure 31.1, draw a new graph that plots the percentage of plant species in the fossil ...

Looking at Figure 31.1, draw a new graph that plots the percentage of plant species in the fossil pollen and spore record, and write a figure legend comparing it to the original figure.

pkclary 56 1 Reply

6 years ago

You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted ...

You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted with pines from Oregon. You believe that the southern forest lacks the fungal diversity needed by the North American pines, and that this lack of fungi i

Dugg 57 1 Reply

6 years ago

You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted ...

Dugg 59 1 Reply

6 years ago

Most coal was formed during the Carboniferous period. What is a reasonable hypothesis that explains ...

Most coal was formed during the Carboniferous period. What is a reasonable hypothesis that explains this observation?
A) Plants from this period did not require fungal associations.
B) There were not many saprophytic fungi during this perio

pkclary 56 1 Reply

6 years ago

There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the Permian period 250 million years ...

There was a mass extinction of plants and animals at the end of the Permian period 250 million years ago. Which of the following would be a reasonable prediction for the fungal fossil record?
A) There should be a massive increase in mycorrhizal

pkclary 68 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of the following is an important role for fungi in the carbon cycle?

Which of the following is an important role for fungi in the carbon cycle?
A) Fungi help release fixed carbon back to the environment for other plants and photosynthetic organisms to utilize.
B) One of fungi's main roles is to provide

pkclary 91 1 Reply

6 years ago

The fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic cell for genetic studies. Which of the ...

The fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model eukaryotic cell for genetic studies. Which of the following is an important attribute that makes this organism ideal for this purpose?
A) It is multicellular.
B) It is resistant to culturing.

Dugg 77 1 Reply

6 years ago

Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this to an ...

Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?
A) The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell me

dracko 73 1 Reply

6 years ago

Fungi are most closely related to which of these groups?

Fungi are most closely related to which of these groups?
A) plants
B) green algae
C) animals
D) red algae

ceybe 64 1 Reply

6 years ago

It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make ...

It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make sugars available for the fungi's use. What is the best evidence in support of this hypothesis?
A) Fungi survive better when they are associat

dracko 93 1 Reply

6 years ago

The fungi that we commonly know as mushrooms produce which of the following reproductive ...

The fungi that we commonly know as mushrooms produce which of the following reproductive structures?
A) basidia
B) zygosporangium
C) chytrids
D) asci

Dugg 49 1 Reply

6 years ago

Which of these fungal features supports the phylogenetic conclusion that fungi are more closely ...

Which of these fungal features supports the phylogenetic conclusion that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants?
A) The cell wall of fungi and insects are both made of chitin.
B) Chytrid spore flagella are similar to animal f

pkclary 55 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why are mycorrhizal fungi superior to plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil?

Why are mycorrhizal fungi superior to plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil?
A) Hyphae are 100 to 1000 times smaller than plant roots.
B) Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that can break down large molecules.
C) Fungi c

dracko 91 1 Reply

6 years ago

Basidiomycetes are the only fungal group capable of synthesizing lignin peroxidase. What advantage ...

Basidiomycetes are the only fungal group capable of synthesizing lignin peroxidase. What advantage does this group of fungi have over other fungi because of this capability?
A) This is always the first group of fungi to begin any kind of plant d

ceybe 43 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why is it important that ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) have peptidase enzymes?

Why is it important that ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) have peptidase enzymes?
A) These enzymes are necessary to break through the tough lignin layers in plants.
B) These enzymes assist with the breakdown of cellulose.
C) These enzymes a

Dugg 67 1 Reply

6 years ago

This group of fungi has the ability to penetrate its host's cell wall, thus increasing the ...

This group of fungi has the ability to penetrate its host's cell wall, thus increasing the efficiency with which materials are passed from fungus to host.
A) ectomycorrhizal fungi
B) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
C) all of the abov

ceybe 52 1 Reply

6 years ago

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host. What type ...

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host. What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host?
A) parasitic
B) mutualistic
C) commensal
D) none of the above

Dugg 61 1 Reply

6 years ago

. Figure 31.2 illustrates the team's experimental setup. Pots containing seedlings of three ...

. Figure 31.2 illustrates the team's experimental setup. Pots containing seedlings of three different tree species were set up and grown under natural conditions for three years; two of the three species formed ectomycorrhizae (Douglas fir, birc

Dugg 79 1 Reply

6 years ago

Referring to Simard et al. (1997), what is the result that would most strongly refute their ...

Referring to Simard et al. (1997), what is the result that would most strongly refute their hypothesis?
A) No movement; carbon-14 is found in the birch seedling's tissues and carbon-13 in the Douglas fir.
B) Reciprocal exchange; carbon

ceybe 44 1 Reply

6 years ago

Referring to Simard et al. (1997), which design element is the control in this experiment and why?

Referring to Simard et al. (1997), which design element is the control in this experiment and why?
A) the bags over the seedlings to contain the different types of carbon dioxide
B) the fact that all the seedlings are different species

Dugg 49 1 Reply

6 years ago

Simard et al. (1997) further hypothesized that if reciprocal transfer did occur, it would be a ...

Simard et al. (1997) further hypothesized that if reciprocal transfer did occur, it would be a source-sink relationship driven by photosynthetic rates. That is, if one seedling is in full sun and the other in deep shade, there will be a net movement

pkclary 57 1 Reply

6 years ago

Referring to Figure 31.3 (Simard et al., 1997-third-year seedlings only), shown above, was there a ...

Referring to Figure 31.3 (Simard et al., 1997-third-year seedlings only), shown above, was there a net transfer of carbon from plants in sunlight to plants in shade?
A) yes
B) no

Dugg 50 1 Reply

6 years ago

If seedlings in the shade commonly do receive sugars from plants in the sunlight, which of the ...

If seedlings in the shade commonly do receive sugars from plants in the sunlight, which of the following areas should be investigated by future research? Explain why you think each area should (or should not) be investigated? Issues to consider: (1)P

Dugg 74 1 Reply

6 years ago

This symbiotic association grows on rocks, where it begins the process of soil formation, and it is ...

This symbiotic association grows on rocks, where it begins the process of soil formation, and it is a major food source for caribou.
A) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
B) ectomycorrhizal fungi
C) endophytes
D) lichens
E) chytrid

ceybe 61 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why is it reasonable to hypothesize that lichens might predict air quality?

Why is it reasonable to hypothesize that lichens might predict air quality?
A) because of their absorptive life style (receive mineral nutrition from dust and substrate)
B) because of their flat morphology (high ratio of surface area to vol

dracko 61 1 Reply

6 years ago

Based on the idea that fungi have pores between their cell walls, allowing cytoplasm to move from ...

Based on the idea that fungi have pores between their cell walls, allowing cytoplasm to move from one end of the mycelium to the other, which of the following hypotheses is the most plausible?
A) If a single mycorrhizal fungus formed symbiotic

dracko 60 1 Reply

6 years ago

. Specifically, they wanted to know if it mattered which specific AMF species were present, or just ...

. Specifically, they wanted to know if it mattered which specific AMF species were present, or just that some type of AMF was present. They grew various plants in combination with one of four AMF species, no AMF, or all four AMF species together; and

pkclary 69 1 Reply

6 years ago

Based on the van der Heijden et al. (1998) graphs in Figure 31.4, which of the following is the best ...

Based on the van der Heijden et al. (1998) graphs in Figure 31.4, which of the following is the best description of the data supporting the idea that a plant species did not form mycorrhizae with a fungus?
A) Its biomass is greatest when no AMF

pkclary 60 1 Reply

6 years ago

Interested in factors affecting biodiversity, grew a variety of grassland plants in combination with ...

interested in factors affecting biodiversity, grew a variety of grassland plants in combination with one of four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) species, no AMF, or all four AMF species together; and they measured plant growth under each set of conditio

ceybe 45 1 Reply

6 years ago

Using grams of biomass as an indicator of abundance, which species is most likely the dominant ...

Using grams of biomass as an indicator of abundance, which species is most likely the dominant species in this ecosystem (see Figure 31.5)?
A) Bromus erectus
B) Carax flacca
C) Sanguisorba officinalis
D) Centaurium erythrea

pkclary 44 1 Reply

6 years ago

Why does total biomass (graph e, Figure 31.5) not vary with AMF diversity?

Why does total biomass (graph e, Figure 31.5) not vary with AMF diversity?
A) Plant growth is unaffected by fungal diversity.
B) Most of the plants in this system do not form mycorrhizal associations.
C) Bromus is the dominant plant sp

dracko 71 1 Reply

6 years ago

Plant biomass (growth) in Figure 31.6 increases as fungal diversity increases. True or false?

Plant biomass (growth) in Figure 31.6 increases as fungal diversity increases. True or false?
A) true
B) false

dracko 89 1 Reply

6 years ago

How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?

How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?
A) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to move more quickly.
B) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to retain more moisture in it

pkclary 60 1 Reply

6 years ago

Compare the graphs in Figure 33.2 of CO2 emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina ...

Compare the graphs in Figure 33.2 of CO2 emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. What hypothesis can you make about each centipede's habitat?
A) C. morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more carbon dioxide than S.

dracko 105 1 Reply

6 years ago

What do all the Lophotrochozoa phyla discussed in the text have in common?

What do all the Lophotrochozoa phyla discussed in the text have in common?
A) They feed using lophophores, specialized ciliated structures.
B) They have trochophore larvae, which swim with the aid of a ring of cilia.
C) They have membe

pkclary 57 1 Reply