Which reproductive pattern is most common, if one considers patterns seen in all animals?

Which reproductive pattern is most common, if one considers patterns seen in all animals?
 
  a. Producing large numbers of offspring at short intervals, and providing no parental care or protection.
  b. Producing few offspring later in life, and providing extensive parental care and protection.
  c. A reproductive pattern that is somewhere between the two extremes described in a and b.
  d. Most living organisms actually switch between the two patterns described in a and b.
  e. No such patterns have ever been observed in nature.