The party that chooses to initiate formal legal proceedings is called the

The party that chooses to initiate formal legal proceedings is called the
 
  a. initiator.
  b. defendant.
  c. plaintiff.
  d. barrister.
  e. counsel.

Question -2-

When one private party contests another and the lawsuit or action is brought before a judge in a court of law, the process is referred to collectively as
 
  a. prosecution.
  b. indictment.
  c. litigation.
  d. appeal.
  e. civil discourse.

Question -3-

Which of the following is a system of justice used in the American legal system in which opposing parties contend against each other for a result favorable to themselves, while judges act as independent referees overseeing the contest?
 
  a. adversarial system
  b. inquisitorial system
  c. civil system
  d. criminal system
  e. appellate system

Question -4-

In some countries such as France, judges are responsible for gathering information relevant to the disposition of a case and can even initiate a criminal investigation against an individual. This system of justice is known as
 
  a. the adversarial system of justice.
  b. common law.
  c. an inquisitorial system of justice.
  d. the investigative model of justice.
  e. judicial policing.