Maria is what psychologists would describe as a self-regulating person when it comes to her moral behavior. Given this information, which one of the following descriptions best describes Maria's moral behavior?
A) She works for social incentives; for example, she contributes to charity if she thinks that other people will like her better for doing so.
B) She behaves in morally appropriate ways only when she thinks other people are watching her.
C) She has an internal set of standards regarding right and wrong behavior, and she feels guilty when she violates those standards.
D) She has an internal set of standards regarding right and wrong, but those standards seldom influence the way she actually behaves.
Ques. 2Three of the following are examples of comprehension monitoring. Which one is not?
A) After reading a chapter in a textbook, Annette makes sure she has accomplished the objectives listed on the chapter's first page.
B) Bruce asks himself questions about the material he is reading and tries to answer them.
C) Cara stops at the end of each section to see if she can summarize what she's just read.
D) Dwayne looks at all the headings and subheadings in a chapter before he begins to read the chapter itself.
Ques. 3Leo has recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class. He is now trying to teach his dog how to fetch a ball. Given what psychologists have learned about transfer, is Leo likely to use the principle of reinforcement in helping his dog learn to fetch?
A) Definitely yes
B) Definitely no
C) Only if he has previously learned the principle of reinforcement to automaticity
D) Only if he retrieves the principle of reinforcement when he is teaching his dog
Ques. 4Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?
A) Andrea is studying for a spelling test. She writes each spelling word five times in her nicest handwriting.
B) Betsy stays up late studying for a geography test. The following morning in school, she is too tired to think straight during the test.
C) Connie is studying for a history test. She knows that she has trouble with dates, so she checks herself by giving herself a short quiz after each chapter.
D) Dolly gives her friend Evonne an SAT preparation book because Dolly is preparing to take the SAT exam for college.
Ques. 5A student who has an illusion of knowing is most likely to:
A) Engage in considerable elaboration of classroom material.
B) Express surprise about a low test score.
C) Understand the general gist of a reading assignment but be unable to repeat it verbatim.
D) Accurately summarize what he or she has just read.
Ques. 6Students' epistemic beliefs can best be described as students' views about:
A) What instructional techniques are most likely to help them learn classroom material.
B) Which careers are most suitable for their abilities and talents.
C) How long they are likely to remember the things they learn in school.
D) What knowledge is and how it is acquired.
Ques. 7Three of the following are accurate statements about epistemic beliefs. Which statement is not accurate?
A) Students who view learning as an active, constructive process are more likely to undergo conceptual change when it's warranted.
B) Students who believe that learning is a slow, gradual process are more likely to persist in their efforts to understand classroom material.
C) Young children are apt to believe that conflicting points of view on a topic may be equally valid; as they get older, they become increasingly convinced that one perspective is almost invariably more valid than others.
D) As students move through the high school years, some of them increasingly begin to realize that mastering academic subject matter involves understanding concepts and their interrelationships rather than memorizing discrete facts.
Ques. 8Three of the following strategies should help students acquire effective study strategies. Which one is least likely to do so?
A) Have students work in pairs to ask one another thought-provoking questions about a topic.
B) Express confidence that with time and effective strategies, students can learn everything there is to know about a topic.
C) Have students experiment with different methods of trying to remember information and then reflect on each method's effectiveness.
D) Give students a general structure to guide their early note-taking efforts.
Ques. 9Researchers have observed cultural differences in three of the following areas. In which area are there least likely to be cultural differences?
A) Existence of a central executive that oversees learning
B) Commonly used learning strategies
C) Beliefs about the nature of knowledge
D) A disposition to think critically about classroom subject matter
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