Immune System: Immune System Overview
1. Name the two major functions of the immune system:
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
2. Pathogens are classified according to their size and where they are located in the body. List the five types of pathogens, from largest to smallest:
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________
3. Which type of pathogen is always intracellular? ______________
Which type of pathogen is always extracellular? ______________
4–5. Name the three main lines of defense and give an example of each:
Line of Defense Example
a.
b.
c.
6. When the surface barriers (innate external defenses) are penetrated, what is the next line of defense? _________________________
7. This defense mechanism (named in question 6) identifies enemies by recognizing ______________ unique to the pathogens. When they are overwhelmed, they secrete _________________________ to mobilize the adaptive defenses.
8. Name the four key ways adaptive defenses differ from innate defenses:
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
9. B and T lymphocytes recognize pathogens by binding to them. What the lymphocyte recognizes is called the ______________ found on the antigen.
10. Specific B cells called ______________ cells secrete ______________, which bind to the antigens.
Humoral Versus Cellular Immunity
11. ____________ immunity is directed against pathogens in the extracellular fluid. This immunity involves ____ lymphocytes.
12. ______________ immunity is directed against pathogens within the cells. This immunity involves ____ lymphocytes.
13. Which type of immunity involves antibodies? ______________
14. Name three circumstances in which T cells would be activated against body cells:
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
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