Which of the following is true of the findings of studies on explanatory styles?
a. Contrary to pessimists, optimists pay attention to positive stimuli only.
b. People under age 35 tend to have a more optimistic explanatory style than those who are over 65.
c. Stressful life experiences can decrease the level of optimism in an individual.
d. Younger optimists also tended to underreport their weight, whereas elderly optimists claimed the opposite.
Question 2In context of the cultural differences in explanatory styles, Japanese college students were found to be more _____ than American students.
a. optimistic
c. radical
b. pessimistic
d. sensation seeking
Question 3According to studies by Peterson & Seligman, 1987, et al., _____ were shown to develop stronger immune systems and to be more likely to recover from heart attacks.
a. realists
c. optimists
b. pessimists
d. wealthy adults
Question 4According to a study of young adults by Peterson, Maier, & Seligman in 1993, when optimists did get sick, they were more likely to:
a. recover slowly compared with a pessimist.
c. be unable to cope with pain.
b. be active and not take enough rest.
d. consult a physician.
Question 5According to Seligman, people with an optimistic explanatory style tend to:
a. take responsibility for their care when they are experiencing health problems.
b. believe their own actions will make no difference when they experience health problems.
c. be found more among Americans with Chinese heritage than those with European heritage.
d. have an outlook on their health similar to those who have a pessimistic explanatory style.
Question 6If you expect good things to happen to you, then you are a(n):
a. pessimist.
c. idealist.
b. realist.
d. optimist.
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