The most common causes of end-stage renal disease are:

The most common causes of end-stage renal disease are:

a. inadequate fluid intake and malnutrition.
b. high protein and sodium intakes.
c. hypertension and diabetic nephropathy.
d. kidney stones and urinary tract infections.

Q. 2

The main function of the proximal tubule of the glomerulus is:

a. reabsorption of nutrients.
b. secretion of hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance.
c. exchange of water and sodium.
d. reabsorption of water.

Q. 3

The laboratory test result that is generally used to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice is:

a. serum creatinine level.
b. blood urea level.
c. serum albumin level.
d. C-reactive protein level.

Q. 4

The kidney structure that is responsible for filtering the blood is the:

a. loop of Henle.
b. proximal tubule.
c. distal tubule.
d. glomerulus.

Q. 5

The main function of the loop of Henle is:

a. maintenance of acid-base balance.
b. filtering the blood.
c. maintaining osmotic pressure.
d. concentration of urine.

Q. 6

The basic functional units of the kidney are called:

a. nephrons.
b. glomeruli.
c. tubules.
d. collecting tubules.

Q. 7

Nutrition therapy for diabetes is based on

a. the ADA meal plan.
b. avoidance of sugar.
c. the individual's usual eating habits.
d. insulin administration.

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The most common causes of end-stage renal disease are:

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