After responding favorably to treatment in the intensive care unit, a patient with a diagnosis of pneumonia is in the process of being weaned from ventilation.
The patient is now able to breathe spontaneously but the ventilator is currently supplementing the patient's respiration throughout the cycle. What type of ventilation best matches this patient's oxygenation needs?
A) Pressure support ventilation (PSV)
B) High frequency ventilation (HFV)
C) Inverse ratio ventilation (IRV)
D) Controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV)
Question 2A patient suffered a brain stem injury in an assault and is currently receiving controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV) in the intensive care unit.
When conducting the scheduled assessments of this patient, the nurse should be aware of which of the following characteristics of CMV?
A) The patient breathes spontaneously, but a set tidal volume is delivered.
B) Oxygen supplementation is constantly adjusted by the ventilator in response to the patient's respiratory rate.
C) The patient's tidal volume is determined spontaneously, but the respiratory rate is controlled by CMV.
D) The rate and tidal volume are set, and the patient does not breathe spontaneously.
Question 3Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been ordered for a patient in the intensive care unit in an effort to defer intubation.
The respiratory therapist has set up the patient's CPAP system and the nurse is now responsible for maintaining the system. When assessing the function of the patient's CPAP, the nurse should ensure that:
A) Suction is set between 30 and 45 mm Hg.
B) The patient receives nebulized bronchodilators every 2 to 3 hours.
C) A tight seal exists between the mask and the patient's mouth.
D) The patient is breathing between 30 and 40 breaths per minute.
Question 4A patient with class IV heart failure has been receiving care in the cardiac critical care unit and attempts to wean the patient from inotropic support have been unsuccessful.
The care team has appraised the benefits and deficits of a ventricular assist device (VAD) and will present this option to the patient's family. When teaching the patient's family about this intervention, what description should the nurse provide?
A) A VAD is inserted to supplement the heart's ability to pump blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
B) A VAD regulates the electrical activity in the heart and coordinates the pumping action to increase efficiency.
C) A VAD increases the size of the blood vessels downstream from the heart so that circulation is easier and more efficient.
D) A VAD involves the insertion of a balloon into a major blood vessel to improve the strength and volume of circulation.
Question 5A male patient who presented to the emergency department with severe headache and visual disturbances has been found to be experiencing a hypertensive emergency and has been admitted to the critical care unit.
The critical care unit should anticipate the administration of which of the following medications?
A) Epinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Nitroprusside
D) Dobutamine
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