Events or influences other than the experimental treatment itself may occur between a pretest and a ...

Events or influences other than the experimental treatment itself may occur between a pretest and a posttest that may affect the dependent variable. This threat is called
 
  a. mortality.
  b. history.
  c. regression.
  d. diffusion.
  e. Hawthorne effect.

Ques. 2

If the John Henry effect were exerting an influence in an experiment, one would expect
 
  a. poor performance in the control group.
  b. better performance in the control group.
  c. poor performance in the treatment group.
  d. better performance in the treatment group.

Ques. 3

The most effective way to limit the effects of extraneous variables in an experiment is to use
 
  a. randomization.
  c. homogeneous selection.
  b. matched groups.
  d. subjects as their own control.

Ques. 4

When a pretest and posttest are used on all subjects in the experimental and control groups
 
  a. the pretest may influence posttest results.
  b. the experimenter knows whether it is reasonable to assume that both groups began at a similar point.
  c. there may be interaction between pretest and treatment effects.
  d. a and b
  e. a, b, and c

Ques. 5

The factor most crucial in determining the effectiveness of the matching procedure for developing equivalent groups is whether
 
  a. the matching variable is significantly related to the study's dependent variable.
  b. the matching variables were assigned to both groups.
  c. the sample is random and representative of the larger population.
  d. the study is causal-comparative or experimental.

Ques. 6

Selection bias is a threat to internal validity arising from failure to use
 
  a. a control group.
  c. reliable measuring instruments.
  b. counterbalancing across conditions.
  d. random assignment.

Ques. 7

Which question expresses concern for the internal validity of a design?
 
  a. Is the selected setting representative?
  b. To what extent can the research findings be generalized?
  c. Was the change in the dependent variable really due to the treatment?
  d. What characteristics of the setting allow the findings to be generalized?

Ques. 8

Refer to Exhibit 10-2. One group had been rewarded with candy for turning in homework, while the other had verbal praise.
 
  a. The effect of the independent variable is measured through observation of the dependent variable.
  b. Extraneous variables are held constant.
  c. An independent variable is manipulated.

Ques. 9

Refer to Exhibit 10-2. A posttest of the groups' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is given.
 
  a. The effect of the independent variable is measured through observation of the dependent variable.
  b. Extraneous variables are held constant.
  c. An independent variable is manipulated.