What are the highest paid jobs you can get with a physics degree?

It really varies a lot.  These days a lot of physics Ph.D.'s aren't following the "traditional" paths of either a physics professor, a physicist working in industry as a physicist, or a physicist at a national lab.  It's far more varied.  You really could end up doing anything.  But anyway, all those jobs I listed would typically fall into the range from US$50,000/year (assistant professor, small university, straight out of grad school) to US$150,000/year or more (senior scientist at a national lab or a very successful company) depending on exactly what it is and how much experience you have and what the institution is.

In recent years, a lot of physicists have been going into finance and making outlandish amounts of money.  But a lot of physicists have ended up not using their degrees at all and getting jobs in completely unrelated fields.

There have been plenty of surveys about these kinds of things, and a google search should uncover plenty of data.  But I can tell you that the market is changing fast enough that, if you're just starting out, it'll probably change by the time you get your degree.

The jobs are where the technologically savvy big cities are.  Think California.