A client's risk of breast cancer is dramatically increased because both her sister and her mother ...

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Nurses respond to the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions of health. Biological factors include genetic makeup, gender, age, and developmental stage. The risk of breast cancer increases dramatically in women who have a family history of a mother, sister, or daughter with breast cancer. Recently, a genetic marker for this type of breast cancer was discovered. This is an example of biological factors. Personal relationships are more psychosocial in nature; for example, family relationships can facilitate coping. Lifestyle choices involve such health behaviors as choosing not to use tobacco and other substances. Environmental factors involve, for example, environmental pollutants, or the psychosocial environment (a quiet versus a noisy hospital room).