6. Describe all the molecules and processes that constitute the Central Dogma of biology?
Nucleotides are the main macromolecules involved in transcription and translation. Another are amino acids, that come together to form protein.
Central Dogma of Biology: DNA
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RNA
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Protein
** DNA is made up of sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, and four nucleotides.
DNA is the carrier of genetic information in organisms. What does that mean? Large molecules in organism can have many functions: they can provide structure, act as catalyst for chemical reactions, serve to sense changes in their environment (leading to immune responses to foreign invaders and to neural responses to stimuli such as light, heat, sound, touch, etc) and provide motility. DNA really does none of these things. Rather you can view it as an information storage system. The information must be decode to allow the construction of other large molecules. The other molecules are usually proteins, another class of large polymers in the body. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell.