Clients who have been bed-ridden for a long time likely will experience:

Ans: B
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At low lung volumes, the molecules of surfactant become tightly packed, and at higher lung volumes, they spread out to cover the alveolar surface. In surgical clients and bed-ridden persons, shallow and quiet breathing often impairs the spreading of surfactant. Premature infants may require recombinant forms of surfactant to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome. Suctioning cannot be done at the alveolar level. One of the treatments for bedrest clients is cough and deep breathing exercises to enhance the spread of surfactant to prevent atelectasis.