Explain the relationship between electoral systems and party systems. This is f

a. Discuss the relationship between single-member districts and parties. Single-member districts, like in the United States, tend to favor two big parties. Most of the time, this system limits third parties. The parties also tend to focus on the middle of the political spectrum because that is where the most votes are. This system can produce majoritarianism. It can also allow the majority party to manipulate the process to its advantage.
b. Discuss proportional representation and political parties. In these systems, parties are awarded seats based on their percentage of the vote. Thus, there tend to be a greater number of parties because there is a reward for finishing second, third, or even fourth. This tends to produce results that better reflect public opinion. These systems do sometimes see parties splintering off.
c. Discuss that there are mixed-member systems, like in Germany.

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