Which pattern of domestic violence is more characteristic of men than women?

Which pattern of domestic violence is more characteristic of men than women?
 
  a. Men often demonstrate a behavior called explosive violence, where feelings of rage build up over time and explode into a severe violent act without warning or prompting, often leading to the hospitalization of a spouse or partner.
  b. Men often let a conflict escalate out of control and make threats and act violently without thinking of the consequences.
  c. Men often turn violent over very minute matters one minute and then profess their love for their partner the next minute, an abuse pattern termed roller coaster violence.
  d. Men often consciously use violence to control and intimidate their partner.