Zack, a three year old boy, falls down and cuts his knee. His father sees that Zack is about to cry, ...

Zack, a three year old boy, falls down and cuts his knee. His father sees that Zack is about to cry, but instead encourages Zack to hold back his tears and take it like a man. What are the likely implications of this?
 
  a. Zack will end up over reacting to situations as he grows up because he will not learn how to deal with his emotions
  b. Zack will internalize his emotional reactions, which may lead to physiological changes, such as increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating in response to stress.
  c. Zack will learn through trial and error that outwardly expressing his emotions is a healthier lifestyle choice.
  d. There is strong evidence that this type of early experience rewires the brain to such an extent that Zack will have no choice but to always internalize his emotions.