Summarize the five strengths identified by the National Urban League that allow African American ...

R. T. Schaefer summarizes five strengths identified by the National Urban League that allow African American families to function effectively in a racist society. They are as follows:
Strong kinship bonds: Blacks are more likely than Whites to care for children and older persons in an extended family network.
A strong work orientation: Poor Blacks are more likely to be working, and poor Black families often include more than one wage earner.
Adaptability of family roles: In two-parent families, the egalitarian pattern of decision making is the most common. The self-reliance of Black women who are the primary wage earners best illustrates this adaptability.
Strong achievement orientation: Working-class Blacks indicate a greater desire for their children to attend college than working-class Whites. A majority of low-income African Americans want to attend college.
A strong religious orientation: Since the time of slavery, Black churches have been the impetus behind many significant grassroots organizations.