What are Mendel's first and second laws, and what do they state?

First Law: Law of SegregationThe two alleles for each trait will separate from one another during gamete formation, and each allele will have an equal probability (1/2 ) of inclusion in a gamete. Random union of gametes at fertilization will unite one gamete from each parent to produce progeny in ratios that are determined by chance.
Second Law: Law of Independent AssortmentDuring gamete formation, the segregation of alleles at one locus is independent of the segregation of alleles at another locus.
Sections: 2.2 and 2.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension