When one partner has greater power in a relationship, so that the other partner is less willing to ...

When one partner has greater power in a relationship, so that the other partner is less willing to confront difficult relational issues, it is referred to as the
 
  (a) domination effect
  (b) chilling effect
  (c) manipulation effect
  (d) silencing effect

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Social Fatherhood refers to
 
  a. the way a particular man is linked to a particular child in order to secure a place for that child in the social structure.
  b. the fact that most fathers don't live with their children, so the time they spend together is more activityoriented social time.
  c. the social expectations placed on fathers in modern society.
  d. women who act as fathers for children without a father.