A political researcher expects that higher income leads to higher political trust. At the same time, the researcher expects that part of the relationship between income and political trust might be due to the effects of education on both income and political trust. Which of the following would be the hypothesis in this situation?
A. There is a negative relationship between income and political trust.
B. There is a positive relationship between income and political trust while controlling for education.
C. There is no relationship between income and political trust while controlling for education.
D. There is a negative relationship between income and political trust while controlling for education.
Which of the following is NOT a properly-stated hypothesis?
A. There is a positive relationship between support for capital punishment and gender.
B. Men are more supportive of sexual equality than women are.
C. There is a negative relationship between support for racial equality and age.
D. There is an inverse relationship between political tolerance and racism.
Which of the following is not required of a hypothesis?
A. A hypothesis must be testable.
B. A hypothesis must state a relationship between variables.
C. A hypothesis is derived from a theory.
D. A hypothesis must be based on common sense.