The approach to research in which investigators record behavior exactly as it occurs, attempting to avoid interpretation, is called
a. subject reactivity.
b. observational research.
c. anthropomorphic research.
d. quasi-experimental.
Suppose two groups really differed from one another with respect to a dependent variable but did not act differently in an experiment because an unknown variable affected one of the groups. This problem could result from
a. the presence of a confound.
b. causal ambiguity.
c. experimenter bias caused by double blind.
d. lack of divergent validity.
Reports of research in professional journals by authors who conducted that research are known as
a. primary sources.
b. secondary sources.
c. tertiary sources.
d. replicated sources.
If a research study reveals a difference between two groups that seems to be due to the independent variable but, in reality, the difference was due to some other variable that the experimenter didn't know about, there is a problem with
a. an extraneous variable.
b. demand characteristics.
c. the Hawthorne effect.
d. the covariance rule.
Variables that affect participants in one group in a given way but that affect participants in a second group differently or not at all are known as
a. confounds.
b. demand characteristics.
c. dependent variables.
d. control variables.
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