Why is compellence harder to achieve than deterrence?
a. A deterrence threat is easier for the target state to understand than compellence.
b. Compellence tends to be more vague in its objectives than deterrent threats.
c. Compellence involves the threat of overwhelming force and most states do not possess this.
d. Compellence demands more humiliation from the target state than does deterrence.
e. Deterrent threats are more difficult to carry out than are compellent actions.
What is the difference between a pre-emptive and a preventive use of force?
a. Pre-emptive wars are illegal under international law because they qualify as wars of aggression.
b. A pre-emptive use of force is launched because an opponent's attack is considered inevitable; a preventive use of force is launched when the attack is considered more likely than not to occur.
c. The main difference between the two involves the amount of force required of each. Prevention requires more force than pre-emption.
d. Preventive wars are launched without provocation.
e. Both assume that an opponent's attack is inevitable, but a pre-emptive use of force assumes the attack is imminent.
The difference between the active and passive use of force is the same as the difference between
a. pre-emption and prevention.
b. winning and losing a war.
c. threatening and not threatening to use force.
d. compellence and swaggering.
e. compellence and deterrence.
Under what circumstances might the offensive use of force be characterized as defensive?
a. when force is used for swaggering
b. when war is certain and the use of force is pre-emptive
c. when a state is restrained in the amount of force it uses
d. when force is used in response to an enemy's attack
e. when force is wielded as a display of power
With which of the following statements would Keohane be most likely to agree?
a. International institutions are largely ineffective tools of great powers.
b. The significance of international institutions has increased greatly since 1945.
c. The vast majority of international institutions are effective at achieving their goals.
d. The League of Nations of 1919 was key to establishing the importance of international institutions.
e. International institutions are increasingly more successful but less relevant.
Quick Reply
