Women died after childbirth of
A. S. aureus intoxication.
B. toxic shock syndrome.
C. Klein's disease.
D. puerperal fever.
Why is a false positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood for transfusions?
A.
It isn't-both are equally dangerous/significant. False-positives in PEOPLE can lead to psychological trauma, but false-positives in BLOOD could lead to the useful blood being disposed.
B.
A false-positive in a PERSON is easily retestable. This makes it more significant, because we would simply quickly retest the person to verify their actual HIV status.
C.
A false-positive in BLOOD is easily retestable. This makes it less significant, because we would simply quickly retest the blood to verify its actual HIV status.
D.
This statement is backwards-false-positives in blood testing are more significant. If the false-positive rate is high and we don't realize it, we're more likely to dispose useful blood. This could lead to acute shortages of blood for patients who need transfusions.
Would antibodies produced by a patient in response to infection be monoclonal, or polyclonal?
monoclonal.
B. Since a single pathogen has multiple antigens, and each antigen has multiple epitopes, the responding antibodies to a whole pathogen would be polyclonal.
C. Since the pathogen would most likely mutate slightly during the infection (producing different epitopes), the responding antibodies would be polyclonal.
D. Since the pathogen would acquire and modify self-antigens during the infectious process, the antibodies produced during the response would be polyclonal.
Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the United States, why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?
A. If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination, our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time.
B.
There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the United States, sparking an outbreak of new infections, if we aren't all properly vaccinated.
C.
By keeping the population vaccinated, we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low. This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children, pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, the elderly).
D.
Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious, and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne) transmission. This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible. Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility.
E. All of the options are correct.
What would be a primary advantage of passive immunity with diseases such as tetanus or botulism?
A.
Time. You can quickly neutralize the toxin with a passive administration of antibodies to save the patient's life when none is available for them to make their own active immune response.
B.
Cost. It's far cheaper to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine.
C.
Safety of delivery. It's far safer to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine.
D.
Handling of treatment. It's difficult to keep vaccines stored properly to keep their potency, especially in Third World countries without adequate cold chains for transport into jungles and deserts. It's much easier to keep a batch of antibodies stable, even in extremes of heat and humidity.
Quick Reply
