Moist heat kills microorganisms by

Moist heat kills microorganisms by
 
  A.
  irreversible denaturation of proteins.
 
  B. destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall.
  C. denaturation of nucleic acids.
  D. dissolving the capsule.

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Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because
 
  A.
  heat-sensitive instruments may be destroyed.
 
  B.
  heat-resistant endospores are unaffected.
 
  C. water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes.
  D. viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria.

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If a process kills 90 of the organisms per minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?
 
  A. 1 minute
  B. 2 minutes
  C. 3 minutes
  D. 6 minutes

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In order to speed up the sterilization process, which of the following would be useful?
 
  A.
  Drying the material
 
  B.
  Washing/mechanical removal of bacteria/organic matter
 
  C.
  Addition of organics
 
  D.
  Nothing
 
  E.
  Washing/mechanical removal of bacteria/organic matter AND addition of organics

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Microbial death rates may be affected by
 
  A. pH.
  B. temperature.
  C. the presence of organics.
  D. All of the choices are correct.