Most of the carbon in amino acid biosynthesis comes from
A) citric acid cycle intermediates.
B) citric acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis products.
C) glycolysis products.
D) glycolysis intermediates and products.
When culturing a chemoorganoheterophic bacterium, what outcome is LEAST likely to occur if ammonia and phosphate are provided at equal concentrations?
A) Cells require much less P to grow than N, so extra P will be used for ATP synthesis and result in a faster growth rate.
B) Cells will never consume all of the phosphate, because N is needed in higher quantities than P.
C) The final biomass of cells will be no different than if only 50 of the phosphate was provided.
D) The bacteria will import all of the ammonia to use for biosynthetic pathways.
Five-carbon sugars are used in the
A) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA.
B) catabolic pentose phosphate pathway for carbon and energy.
C) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as catabolic pentose phosphate pathway.
D) activation of pentoses to form glycogen for energy storage.
A bacterium running low on NADPH could ________ to generate more of this coenzyme.
A) degrade an amino acid or nucleic acid
B) invoke the pentose phosphate pathway
C) degrade a fatty acid
D) use a broad specificity phosphatase with inorganic phosphatase and NADH
Improperly functioning acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) would likely result in
A) a physiological shift to anaerobic metabolism where an energized membrane is less important for energy production.
B) enhanced growth of a bacterium due to faster growth substrate uptake by a weakened membrane.
C) no harm to bacteria, because only archaeons and eukaryotes use ACPs for fatty acid biosynthesis.
D) death for a bacterium due to poor lipid bilayer integrity.
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