Researchers compared college students who reported they had smoked marijuana at least fifteen days a month with similar students who said they smoked five days a month at most. A day after going without marijuana, the heavy users performed significantly worse on tasks that involved sustaining and shifting attention. The research design is
a. single-group.
b. time-series.
c. before-after.
d. comparison-group.
An experimenter is interested in the influence of taking a one-semester-long test preparation course on performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). She contacts high school students who have and who have not taken the course and compares their scores on the SAT exam. She finds that the students who have taken the course score significantly higher on the test. The research design is
a. comparison-group before-after.
b. single-group before-after.
c. comparison-group.
d. experimental.
An experimenter decided to test the effects of a new training program by comparing the motivation of twenty employees who had participated in the program against an equivalent group of twenty employees who had not gone through any training at all. The employees were measured when they had completed the program and it was found that those who had gone through the program had much greater on-the-job motivation than those who had not. It was concluded that the difference in motivation was due to the content of the training program. The research design is
a. comparison-group before-after.
b. single-group before-after.
c. comparison-group.
d. experimental.
Which of the following statements is true about quasi-experimental designs?
a. Because the independent variable is manipulated, they are best considered as true experiments.
b. Because they involve the creation of initial equivalence, they are best considered as true experiments.
c. Because they are not usually analyzed as scientifically as experimental research, they are best considered as descriptive research.
d. Because the independent variable is measured, not manipulated, they are best considered as correlational research.
Which of the following represents the greatest limitation to drawing conclusions from a single group design?
a. The variables may not be adequately measured.
b. The data are frequently too artificial.
c. They cannot be used to draw conclusions about the how the experience influenced the participants.
d. They are likely to be influenced by retesting.
Quasi-experimental research designs are so named because
a. they are only partially scientific.
b. the independent variable involves a grouping.
c. they are not correlational studies.
d. they involve comparing an indefinite number of groups.
Quasi experimental designs are usually analyzed using
a. ANOVA.
b. multiple regression.
c. chi square.
d. descriptive statistics.
Research designed to study intervention programs with the goal of determining whether the programs are effective in helping the people who make use of them is called
a. clinical intervention research.
b. care programs research.
c. quasi-experimental research.
d. program evaluation research.
Parr, Kavanagh, Cahill, Young, and Mitchell (2008) conducted a meta-analysis to study the effects of different types of treatments on the success of tranquilizer withdrawal. The dependent measure in this study is which of the following?
a. The year of publication of the studies.
b. The number of participants in the studies.
c. The effect size of the studies
d. The correlations among the studies.
A researcher who studies the outcomes of prior experiments by statistically analyzing effect size measures is conducting a
a. research program.
b. review paper.
c. field experiment.
d. meta-analysis.
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