A researcher wants to conduct an animal learning experiment using 40 participants in a between subjects design. The researcher decides to randomly assign the participants to the four different conditions so that
a. participants from the same litter will not be tested together.
b. the data will be easier to analyze than if participants were assigned on any other basis.
c. the results will be more generalizable.
d. the groups will be equivalent prior to the manipulation of the independent variable.
In a 3 x 4 factorial design there are ____ main effect(s) and ____ interaction(s) possible.
a. three; four
b. two; three
c. two; one
d. one; two
When some event other than your program occurs at the same time and affects the outcome, there is a(n) _______________ threat to internal validity.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The primary danger in within-subjects designs is in the presence of
a. the effects that testing subjects in one condition might have on their later behavior.
b. the failure to establish a baseline of behavior.
c. the minimization of the amount of variability caused by differences among subjects.
d. The employment of few subjects, which leads to skewed results.
How many main effects are there in a 2 x 3 factorial design?
a. two
b. three
c. six
d. nine
Experimental designs use _______________ assignment.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The appropriate control for pseudoconditioning is to employ a conditioning group and a control group. The animals in the control group are exposed to the same number of CS and US presentations as the animals in the experimental group, but in the control group
a. the CS never precedes the US.
b. the CS is different than the CS in the conditioning group.
c. the CS and US presentations are unpaired and presented randomly.
d. theUS is different than the US in the conditioning group.
In a matrix representing the structure of a factorial design, the mean differences among the columns define ____.
a. the main effect for one factor
b. the interaction between the factors
c. the main effect and the interaction between the factors
d. the significance level
Laura and Beatrice work at two different shelters for teens who cannot remain in their homes, but are not wards of the court. They have both shown their clients an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that features two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services. Their clients became much more hopeful about their own futures after seeing the documentary. Word has gotten around about the documentary, and several of their mutual friends want to schedule showings of it. Rosa works at two different facilities, and decides to administer the instrument assessing hopefulness to both of the facilities, show the documentary at one facility, and then administer the assessment again at that facility. This is an example of a(n) ____.
a. basic pre-post randomized experimental design.
b. posttest-only randomized experiment
c. randomized experiment expanded with a nonequivalent control group
d. pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experiment
Which of the following is not a basic measure of animal learning but rather is caused by the general excitement of the experimental situation for the animal?
a. pseudoconditioning
b. resistance of extinction
c. frequency of responding
d. magnitude of the response
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