Mehmet is conducting a study aimed at improving the problem solving abilities of older adults. Prior to the intervention, all of the participants are given a series of problems to solve and, in the process of trying to solve them, many of the participants refine their approaches to problem solving. As a result, Mehmet's study has a(n) ____ threat.
a. history
b. maturation
c. instrumentation
d. testing
In Pavlovian conditioning, a light or tune is a/n _________ when first introduced.
a. conditioned stimulus
b. unconditioned stimulus
c. neutral stimulus
d. conditioned response
In a 2 x 3 between-subjects factorial experiment, there are ____ groups of participants.
a. two
b. three
c. six
d. eight
Joyce is conducting a social media campaign for getting more young women to get Pap smears to screen for cervical cancer and its precursors. Shortly after her campaign begins, a famous female reality star is diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer, resulting in an increase in young women getting screened. This is an example of a(n) ____ threat.
a. history
b. maturation
c. instrumentation
d. testing
If an operant response is made and followed by a reinforcing stimulus, the probability that the response will occur again is increased.. This statement defines (the)
a. Law of Parsimony.
b. Law of Effect.
c. Thorndike's Law.
d. Pavlov's reinforcement principle.
In a 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial experiment, there are a total of ____ treatment conditions in the experiment, and each participant serves in ____ condition(s).
a. 2;1
b. 4;1
c. 2;2
d. 4;2
Richard has developed an intervention that he believes will improve the parenting skills of teenage fathers. He has observers rate the behavior of the fathers when their infants are less than one month old, provides the young men with parenting education, and then has the observers rate the interaction of the fathers and infants again when the babies are about six months old. One of the measures Richard is using is the amount of eye contact maintained between the fathers and infants. He recognizes, however, that between one and six months of age, infants gain in both their ability to control head movement and in visual skills. This is best described as a(n) ____ threat.
a. history
b. maturation
c. instrumentation
d. testing
In operant conditioning, a familiar reward
a. increases the frequency of the response that removes it.
b. decreases the frequency of the response that removes it.
c. increases the frequency of the response that produces it.
d. decreases the frequency of the response that produces it.
A researcher who is examining the effects of temperature and humidity on the eating behavior of rats uses a factorial experiment comparing three different temperatures (70, 80, and 90) and two humidity conditions (low and high). How many factors are in the experiment?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. six
Pat notices that when thunder can be heard in the distance, her dog, Rudy, hides under her desk, and she believes that the thunder causes Rudy to hide. Her friend Gregg points out that there are other changes associated with thunder, including changes in barometric pressure. Gregg has pointed out a(n) ____.
a. random variation
b. control factor
c. covariation bias
d. third variable problem
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