The neighbors didn't invite Charlotte to the block barbecue because Charlotte's dog is often on ...

The neighbors didn't invite Charlotte to the block barbecue because Charlotte's dog is often on the loose making a mess on their lawns. Not inviting her is an example of a(n)
 
  a. formal positive sanction.
 b. informal positive sanction.
 c. formal negative sanction.
 d. informal negative sanction.

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Loreli dieted and worked out resulting in significant reduction in size and weight. Which of the following is an informal positive sanction?
 
  a. She feels much better about herself than she did before the weight loss.
 b. Friends tell her she looks great.
 c. She lost twenty-five pounds.
 d. She fits into a much smaller size in jeans.