Hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus
a. control the release of oxytocin and vasopressin from the posterior pituitary.
b. travel via neuron axons from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
c. are carried in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system.
d. are released upon positive-feedback stimulation via the anterior pituitary tropic hormones.
e. always act to stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
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Question 2) This large precursor molecule can be cleaved into ACTH, MSH and endorphins.
a. PSH
b. CRH
c. POMC
d. ACTHMSH
e. IGF-1
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Question 3) Which of the following hormones is regulated by the anterior pituitary?
a. parathyroid hormone
b. cortisol
c. aldosterone
d. insulin
e. TRH
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Question 4) Which is not a characteristic of the hormone oxytocin?
a. it stimulate uterine contractions.
b. it promotes milk ejection from mammary gland ducts.
c. it influences bonding behavior between mother and baby.
d. it is a tropic hormone.
e. none of these answers.
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Question 5) Which statement regarding vasopressin in incorrect?
a. it is produced in the hypothalamus.
b. it stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction.
c. it increases kidney reabsorption of water.
d. it is a potent arteriolar vasoconstrictor.
e. it is released when the osmolarity of the plasma increases.
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Question 6) A portal system exists between the
a. adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
b. hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
c. hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.
d. large intestine and small intestine.
e. large intestine and stomach.
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Question 7) Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is controlled
a. by hypophysiotropic hormones from the hypothalamus.
b. directly by neural innervation of anterior pituitary cells.
c. by negative-feedback action of target-tissue hormones.
d. both (a) and (c) above.
e. all of these answers.
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Question 8) Which of the following hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary is nontropic?
a. TSH
b. prolactin
c. LH
d. ACTH
e. FSH
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Question 9) Which cells produce growth hormone?
a. somatotropes
b. thryrotropes
c. corticotropes
d. gonadotropes
e. lactotropes
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Question 10) Which structure(s) is/are neuroendocrine in nature?
a. anterior pituitary gland.
b. posterior pituitary gland.
c. hypothalamus
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. both (b) and (c) above.
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