What are the two basic forms of electrical signals?
a. high potentials and low potentials
b. physical and action potentials
c. graded potentials and action potentials
d. graded potentials and chemical potentials
e. physical potentials and chemical potentials
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Question 2) Two ATP molecules could provide energy for a sodium-potassium pump to move ____ ions out of the cell for every ____ ions it moves into the cell.
a. 6 Na+; 3 K+
b. 2 Na+; 3 K+
c. 3 K+; 6 Na+
d. 3 K+; 2 Na+
e. 12 Na+; 6 K+
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Question 3) Membrane potential is related to the uneven distribution of what two positively charged ions?
a. salt and sugar
b. calcium and magnesium
c. hydrogen and oxygen
d. sodium and potassium
e. chloride and phosphorus
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Question 4) The concentration gradient for
a. K+ favors its movement into the ECF
b. Na+ favors its movement out of the cytosol
c. K+ and Na+ are maintained by active transport
d. Na+ opposes the electrical gradient for Na+
e. Cl- favors its movement out of the cytosol
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Question 5) Describe the three roles of the sodium-potassium pump.
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 6) An electrical gradient
a. favors the movement of K+ out of the cell at resting potential
b. favors the movement of Na+ into the cell at resting potential
c. opposes the concentration gradient for Na+ at the equilibrium potential for Na+
d. favors the movement of Cl- out of the cell at resting potential
e. prevents the active transport of K+ into the cell
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Question 7) Explain tonicity and how best to test it.
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 8) Which of the following is least related to glucose uptake by different cells in the body?
a. receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. facilitated diffusion
c. carrier-mediated transport
d. secondary active transport
e. cotransport
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Question 9) Describe the structure and function of desmosomes.
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 10) If a typical body cell is placed into a 1 saline solution, the cell
a. will gain more water than it loses.
b. will have a higher osmotic pressure than the ECF.
c. will have a lower hydrostatic pressure than the ECF.
d. will gain and lose water at the same rate.
e. will have a lower osmolarity than the saline solution.
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