________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.
A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Cytoplasm
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Question 2) Of the cartilages associated with the larynx, which serve as attachment sites for muscles that regulate tension of the vocal cords during speech?
A) corniculate cartilages
B) cuneiform cartilages
C) cricoid cartilage
D) arytenoid cartilages
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Question 3) The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.
A) organelles
B) cilia
C) flagella
D) microvilli
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Question 4) ________ is an enzyme that can kill bacteria that enter the respiratory tract.
A) Mucus
B) Lysozyme
C) Surfactant
D) Acid
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Question 5) Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.
A) nucleolus
B) cytoplasm
C) interstitial fluid
D) extracellular fluid
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Question 6) What is the role of cilia in the respiratory tract?
A) Cilia in the upper respiratory tract direct mucus to the pharynx so that it can be swallowed. Stomach acids subsequently destroy any respiratory irritants trapped in the mucus.
B) Cilia trap respiratory irritants such as dust and other small particles.
C) Cilia produce mucus.
D) Cilia are present on the surface of cells that line the trachea, but they have no defined function in the respiratory system.
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Question 7) Explain the relationship between atoms and elements.
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 8) Which of the following distributes air to particular regions of the lung?
A) trachea
B) respiratory airways
C) conducting airways
D) pulmonary capillaries
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Question 9) Explain how potential energy differs from kinetic energy.
What will be an ideal response?
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Question 10) What might be the clinical significance of loss of surfactant production by type II alveolar cells?
A) Failure of type II alveolar cells to produce surfactant may result in alveolar collapse.
B) Reduced amounts or absence of surfactant will result in more efficient alveolar inflation upon inspiration.
C) Surfactant is not needed for proper lung function, so there would be no consequence if it were not produced.
D) Because surfactant is produced by type I alveolar cells, there would be no clinical effect of reduced surfactant production by type II alveolar cells.
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