Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?
A. osmotic diuretics
B. thiazide diuretics
C. potassium-sparing diuretics
D. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
E. ADH inhibitors
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Question 2) Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as
A. xanthines.
B. osmotic diuretics.
C. thiazide diuretics.
D. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E. potassium-sparing diuretics.
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Question 3) Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called
A. xanthines.
B. osmotic diuretics.
C. thiazide diuretics.
D. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
E. ADH inhibitors.
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Question 4) Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.
A. ADH
B. PAH
C. insulin
D. aldosterone
E. glucose
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Question 5) Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that
A. is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron.
B. passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute.
C. can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate.
D. can be secreted into the filtrate.
E. None of these choices is correct.
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Question 6) When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,
A. more of the substance is reabsorbed.
B. more of the substance is actively secreted.
C. less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle.
D. the excess goes into the blood.
E. the excess remains in the urine.
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Question 7) If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid
A. will be actively secreted into the filtrate.
B. will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells.
C. will appear in the urine.
D. will not appear in the urine.
E. None of these choices is correct.
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Question 8) Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?
A. plasma clearance
B. plasma osmolarity
C. tubular maximum
D. renal plasma flow
E. glomerular filtration rate
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Question 9) Decreased plasma clearance can indicate
A. hypertension.
B. renal failure.
C. decreased ADH secretion.
D. decreased aldosterone secretion.
E. fluid balance.
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Question 10) A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must
A. pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle.
B. be readily reabsorbed.
C. be either a protein or a polysaccharide.
D. be secreted into the nephron.
E. be produced in the kidney.
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