Filtrate reabsorption, which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced, is referred to as
A. active.
B. obligatory.
C. facultative.
D. countercurrent.
E. nonessential.
(
Question 2) By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.
A. 65
B. 75
C. 80
D. 95
E. 100
(
Question 3) Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the
A. proximal convoluted tubule.
B. descending loop of Henle.
C. ascending loop of Henle.
D. distal convoluted tubule only.
E. distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
(
Question 4) Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?
A. distal convoluted tubule
B. collecting duct
C. loop of Henle
D. vasa recta
E. proximal convoluted tubule
(
Question 5) The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical
A. active transport system.
B. countercurrent system.
C. cotransport system.
D. sorting system.
E. toy.
(
Question 6) Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?
A. movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule
B. urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
C. movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid
D. active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct
E. urea movement into the collecting duct
(
Question 7) Which of the following statements is true?
A. Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb.
B. Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb.
C. Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta.
D. The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through.
E. Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.
(
Question 8) Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1) ascending limb
(2) distal convoluted tubule
(3) interstitial fluid
(4) collecting duct
(5) descending limb
A. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3
B. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
C. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4
D. 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
E. 4, 3, 5, 1, 2
(
Question 9) The countercurrent multiplier system
A. is found in the collecting duct.
B. is assisted by hormones.
C. has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions.
D. maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid.
E. has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid.
(
Question 10) A countercurrent mechanism is in
A. the afferent and efferent arterioles.
B. the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
C. the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D. the loop of Henle only.
E. both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.
Quick Reply
