Which is TRUE regarding how gasses dissolve in liquids?
A. The concentration of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the concentration of that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed.
B. Different gasses have the same solubility in liquids.
C. The partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is equal to the amount freely diffusing in the liquid plus the amount bound
to large molecules within the liquid.
D. The partial pressure of a particular gas in a liquid equilibrates to match the partial pressure of that gas in the air to which the liquid is exposed.
E. As the partial pressure of a particular gas in an air sample increases, the concentration of that gas in a liquid exposed to that air sample decreases.
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Question 2) Regarding the partial pressures of O2 and CO2, which of the following statements is NOT true in a normal person at rest?
A. Atmospheric PO2 is greater than alveolar PO2.
B. The PCO2 in air is less than alveolar PCO2.
C. The PO2 in systemic arteries is typically greater than the alveolar PO2.
D. PCO2 in the systemic veins is greater than systemic arterial PCO2.
E. PCO2 in the pulmonary arteries is greater than pulmonary venous PCO2.
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Question 3) Regarding the relationships between the rates of oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production and alveolar ventilation, which of these statements is TRUE?
A. Increased ventilation without a similar increase in metabolism is called hypoventilation.
B. In hypoventilation, alveolar PCO2 decreases below resting levels.
C. In hyperventilation, alveolar PCO2 can decrease to zero.
D. A decrease in metabolism without a similar decrease in alveolar ventilation would result in hyperventilation.
E. An increase in ventilation with a matching increase in metabolism is called hyperventilation.
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Question 4) Which of the following statements about the response of arteriolar smooth muscle to changing oxygen partial pressures is TRUE?
A. Both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting.
B. Both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating.
C. Systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating, but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO2.
D. Systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting, but pulmonary arterioles dilate in response to decreased PO2.
E. Changes in PO2 do not affect arteriolar smooth muscle in the pulmonary system.
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Question 5) During a physical examination, Joe learns that his resting tidal volume is 550 mL; his average resting respiratory rate is 15 breaths per minute; his total lung capacity is 6000 mL; and his anatomic dead space is 150 mL.
Joe's resting alveolar ventilation is:
A. 72.0 L/min
B. 6.0 L/min
C. 4.2 L/min
D. 1.8 L/min
E. 0.5 L/min
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Question 6) When lying down, a subject's respiratory rate is 12 breaths per minute, his anatomical dead space is 150 mL, and his minute ventilation is 7 L/min. Which of these is closest to his alveolar ventilation in liters per minute?
A. 6.0
B. 5.2
C. 4.2
D. 3.0
E. 0.583
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Question 7) A respiratory physiologist has measured ventilation parameters for each of three subjects: Tidal volume (TV); Respiratory rate (RR), and Anatomic dead space volume (ADSV).
Which of the following statements accurately compares the alveolar ventilation in the three men?
A. Tom's is the largest; Dick's and Harry's are the same.
B. Tom's is the smallest; Dick's and Harry's are the same.
C. Tom's is greater than Dick's, which is greater than Harry's.
D. Dick's is greater than Harry's, which is greater than Tom's.
E. Harry's is greater than Dick's, which is greater than Tom's.
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Question 8) Which of the following drugs, administered as an aerosol spray, would be most likely to help a victim of an asthmatic attack?
A. pulmonary surfactant
B. a 2-adrenergic agonist
C. a muscarinic agonist
D. histamine
E. a 2-adrenergic antagonist
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Question 9) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary surfactant is TRUE?
A. It is secreted by type I alveolar cells.
B. It increases the compliance of the lungs.
C. It increases airway resistance.
D. It is secreted into the intrapleural space.
E. It can only interact with other lipid molecules.
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Question 10) Under what conditions is lung compliance increased?
A. respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B. prolonged shallow breathing
C. cystic fibrosis
D. emphysema
E. asthma
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