Why do solutions for injection or infusion into people with low blood volume normally contain 150 mM NaCl?
A. This is a hypotonic solution, which will cause water movement into dehydrated blood cells.
B. This is an isotonic solution, and the water in it will follow Na and Cl into the intracellular fluid compartment.
C. This is a hypertonic solution, which will raise the blood volume and pressure more rapidly than an isotonic solution would.
D. This is an isotonic solution, and NaCl will keep the added volume in the extracellular fluid compartment.
E. NaCl are penetrating solutes, which will get them more quickly into blood cells to increase their volume.
(
Question 2) Which of these is an example of a hypertonic solution?
A. 200 mM NaCl
B. 300 mM glucose
C. 100 mM MgCl2
D. 400 mM urea
E. 100 mM NaCl
(
Question 3) If a normal cell is placed into an unknown solution and it shrinks, what can be concluded about the unknown solution?
A. Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is greater than that of a normal cell.
B. Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is less than that of a normal cell.
C. Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is equal to that of a normal cell.
D. Its penetrating solute concentration is less than that of a normal cell.
E. Its penetrating solute concentration is greater than that of a normal cell.
(
Question 4) If the ATP-generating mechanisms in a cell are poisoned and the cell depletes its ATP reserves, which would occur first?
A. Primary active transport of molecules would cease.
B. Secondary active transport of molecules would cease.
C. Facilitated diffusion of molecules would cease.
D. Ion concentration gradients would reach equilibrium across the cell membrane.
E. All transport processes would cease immediately when the ATP was depleted.
(
Question 5) Osmosis refers to the movement of what substance across semipermeable membranes?
A. glucose
B. charged particles
C. lipid molecules
D. water
E. solutes
(
Question 6) If pure water and a solution containing a nonpenetrating solute are separated by a membrane that is permeable only to water, what would occur?
A. Water will diffuse by osmosis until the water concentrations in the two compartments become equal.
B. Water will diffuse by osmosis until all of the water is on the same side as the solute.
C. Water will diffuse by osmosis toward the side with the solute, until stopped by opposing hydrostatic pressure.
D. No movement will occur between the compartments.
E. Water will diffuse by osmosis away from the side with the solute, until stopped by hydrostatic pressure.
(
Question 7) What will happen if a normal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
A. It will swell in size.
B. It will shrink in size.
C. It will stay the same size.
D. The result can't be predicted.
(
Question 8) If all other conditions remain the same and the concentration of a nonpenetrating solute increases inside a cell, which is most likely to occur?
A. Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
B. Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has an increased osmolarity.
C. Water will tend to enter the cell because the interior has a decreased osmolarity.
D. Water will tend to leave the cell because the interior has a decreased osmolarity.
E. The solute will diffuse across the membrane until its concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
(
Question 9) By what transport mechanism does glucose enter most cells?
A. diffusion through the lipid bilayer
B. primary active transport
C. secondary active transport
D. diffusion through a protein channel
E. facilitated diffusion
(
Question 10) A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar. What is the best explanation for this observation?
A. X is moving into the cell by simple diffusion.
B. X is moving into the cell by diffusion through a protein channel.
C. X is moving into the cell by facilitated diffusion.
D. X is moving into the cell by primary active transport.
E. Water is leaving the cell by osmosis.
Quick Reply
